Development and characterization of genomic SSR markers for Anneslea fragrans (Pentaphylacaceae)¹

Abstract

Premise of the study:The genus Anneslea (Pentaphylacaceae) contains four species and six varieties, most of which are locally endemic. Here, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for the conservation of these species.Methods and Results:The genome of A. fragrans was sequenced and de novo assembled into 445,162 contigs, of which 30,409 SSR loci were detected. Primers for 100 SSR loci were validated with PCR amplification in three populations of A. fragrans. Seventy-nine loci successfully amplified, and 30 were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were 7.01 ± 1.60, 0.817 ± 0.241, and 0.796 ± 0.145, respectively. Most primers could be amplified in Ternstroemia gymnanthera, T. kwangtungensis, and Cleyera pachyphylla.Conclusions:Our study demonstrated that shotgun genome sequencing is an efficient way to develop genomic SSR markers for nonmodel species. These genomic SSR loci will be valuable in population genetic studies in Anneslea and its relatives.

Strong phylogenetic signal despite high phylogenomic complexity in an Andean plant radiation (Freziera,Pentaphylacaceae)

“…This is especially true in herbariomic datasets and systems for which little is known about the history of gene or genome duplication in the system, a common limitation in plant groups (Li and Barker 2020). Ploidy levels in Freziera are unknown due to few genomic resources (one transcriptome from Ternstroemia gymnanthera [Carpenter et al 2019; One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative 2019] and one shotgun genome from Anneslea fragrans [Sun et al 2017]) and fewer than 10 chromosome counts available for Pentaphylacaceae. There has been at least one whole genome duplication (WGD) event in an ancestor of Pentaphylacaeae at a deep node in the inclusive order Ericales (Larson et al 2020), and available chromosome counts (i.e., Adinandra [2 spp., n=42], Cleyera [1 spp., n=45], Eurya [4 spp., n=21, 29, 42], and Ternstroemia [2 spp., n=20, 25]; from Chromosome Counts Database [CCDB;(Rice et al 2015); ccdb.tau.ac.il]) suggest either more recent duplication events or loss of copies across taxa.…”

“…1): shape ranges from orbicular to elongate, indument varies in presence, color, and texture, and leaf size varies over 400-fold within the genus. Ploidy levels in Freziera are unknown due to few genomic resources (i.e., only one transcriptome from Ternstroemia gymnanthera [(Carpenter et al 2019; One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative 2019)] and one shotgun genome from Anneslea fragrans [(Sun et al 2017)]). There has been at least one whole genome duplication (WGD) event in an ancestor of Pentaphylacaceae at a deep node in the inclusive order Ericales (Larson et al 2020), and available chromosome counts suggest either more recent duplication events or loss of copies across tax (i.e., Adinandra [2 spp., n=42], Cleyera [1 spp., n=45], Eurya [4 spp., n=21, 29, 42], and Ternstroemia [2 spp., n=20, 25]; from Chromosome Counts Database [CCDB;(Rice et al 2015); ccdb.tau.ac.il]).…”

Phenolic composition, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of aqueous‐methanol extract from Anneslea fragrans leaves as affected by drying methods

“…Anneslea fragrans Wall, (Chinese name: Pangpo tea) belonging to Family Theaceae , is a valuable culinary, ornamental and medicinal plant which is widely distributed in Southwest China (Sun et al. , 2017). The tender leaves are generally processed as herbal tea, while the barks are usually consumed as a dietary ingredient in the processing of wine.…”