Development and characterization of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers modified by cationic surfactant

Biodegradable CA/CPB electrospun nanofibers for efficient retention of airborne nanoparticles

“…The nanofibers produced by electrospinning presented a normal diameter distribution (200 to 300 nm), as shown in Fig. 3 , and according to the results found in de Almeida et al (2020) . Fig.…”

“…The mechanical properties of the CA/CPB nanofibers are 2.71 (± 0.45) MPa of tensile strength; 1.38 (± 0.50) % elongation at break; and 46.39 MPa Young’s modulus. The development and characterization of these nanofibers are presented in details in de Almeida et al (2020) .…”

“…The nanofibers were made using 21 % (w/v) of CA and 0.5 % (w/v) of the surfactant CPB ( de Almeida et al, 2020 ) in a home-made electrospinning apparatus, composed of a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump (WPI - SP100I, Sarasota-FL, USA), and static aluminum collector in circular format. The optimal concentrations were achieved based in findings from a previous work made in our research group ( de Almeida et al, 2020 ). The flow rate was maintained at 0.7 mL h −1 , the voltage at 18 kV and the distance between the needle and the collector was 10 cm.…”

“…They were installed at the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (campus at Londrina-PR, Brazil) in a laboratory room at ground level, with the entrances positioned outside the window to keep the equipment protected from weather conditions. In one equipment a quartz filter (QM-A with 37 mm and 2.2 μm pore size Whatman™, China) was placed inside and in another the CA/CPB nanofiber filter ( de Almeida et al, 2020 ). Both equipments operated simultaneously and collected airborne particulate matter up to 2.5 μm diameter at 2.0 L min −1 .…”

“…Due to the common presence of beads in their fibers, thermal and mechanical resistance properties are compromised ( Kendouli et al, 2014 ). Thus, the use of cationic surfactants as an additive proves to be an effective strategy for reducing beads, improving those properties and also reducing fiber diameters ( Abutaleb et al, 2017 ; de Almeida et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2004 ; Wang et al, 2010 ). Besides, it can attribute biocide characteristics to the nanofibers, such us, the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) that is an antibacterial agent widely used in the pharmaceutical industry ( Cole et al, 2011 ; Lukáč et al, 2013 ; Malek and Ramli, 2015 ; Wu et al, 2020 ).…”