Development and Application of RAA Nucleic Acid Test Strip Assay and Double RAA Gel Electrophoresis Detection Methods for ASFV and CSFV

Wu, Keke; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Zeng, Sen; Li, Yuwan; Li, Xiaowen; Chen, Wenxian; Li, Zhaoyao; Qin, Yuwei; Chen, Jinding; Fan, Songqing

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.811824

“…Diarrhea causes the emergence of black stains in the perianal region of animals [ 6 ]. Pregnant sows may miscarry [ 26 ]. In most cases, the first introductions do not show high mortality nor characteristic clinical signs or lesions, but fever and some hemorrhagic lymph nodes [ 6 ].…”

Section: African Swine Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever Virus: A Review

Li

¹

,

Chen

²

,

Qiu

³

et al. 2022

Life

Self Cite

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African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.

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“…In addition, emergency vaccination protocols implemented in very young piglets, especially during an outbreak, could be further analysed. It would be necessary to evaluate diagnostic tools (rapid test) [ 56 ] that could detect non-clinical, persistent CSF forms in the field, as well as apply vaccination serological monitoring tools [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador

Acosta

¹

,

Dietze²,

Baquero³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors and spatiotemporal implications associated with CSF in Ecuador. We analysed passive surveillance and vaccination campaign datasets from 2014 to 2020; Then, we structured a herd-level case–control study using a logistic and spatiotemporal Bayesian model. The results showed that the risk factors that increased the odds of CSF occurrence were the following: swill feeding (OR 8.53), time until notification (OR 2.44), introduction of new pigs during last month (OR 2.01) and lack of vaccination against CSF (OR 1.82). The spatiotemporal model showed that vaccination reduces the risk by 33%. According to the priority index, the intervention should focus on Morona Santiago and Los Rios provinces. In conclusion, the results highlight the complexity of the CSF control programs, the importance to improve the overall surveillance system and the need to inform decision-makers and stakeholders.

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“…In addition, emergency vaccination protocols implemented in very young piglets, especially during an outbreak, could be further analysed. It would be necessary to evaluate diagnostic tools (rapid test) (50) that could detect non clinical, persistent CSF forms in the field, as well as apply vaccination serological monitoring tools (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and spatiotemporal analysis of classical swine fever in Ecuador

Acosta

¹

,

Dietze

²

,

Baquero

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aim to determine herd-level risk factors and spatiotemporal implications associated with CSF. We analysed passive surveillance datasets and vaccination programmes from 2014 to 2020; Then, structured a herd-level case-control study using a multivariable logistic model containing 339 cases, and a spatiotemporal Bayesian model, considering 115 thousand premises, 2.3 million annual vaccine doses and a population of 1.6 million pigs distributed in 1,006 parishes. Our results showed that the risk factors that increased the odds of CSF occurrence were swill feeding (OR 9.28), time of notification (OR 2.18), animal entry in the last 30 days (OR 2.08), lack of CSF vaccination (OR 1.88), age of animals between 3-6 months (OR 1.58) and being in the coastal region (OR 1.87). Spatiotemporal models showed that the vaccination campaign reduced the risk by 33% while temperature increased the risk by 17%. The calculated priority index aims to facilitate the intervention process that should be focused on a couple of provinces, mainly in Morona Santiago and Los Rios as well as in specific parishes around the country. Our findings provide insight and understanding of the risk factors associated with CSF in Ecuador, which stands for the Andean region; even though the results are specific for the implementation of risk-based surveillance for CSF, data and methods could be valuable for the prevention and control of diseases such as African swine fever, or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. In conclusion, the results highlight the complexity of the CSF control programme, the need to inform decision-makers, involve stakeholders and implement better strategies to update continental health policies to eradicate swine diseases.

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Development and Application of RAA Nucleic Acid Test Strip Assay and Double RAA Gel Electrophoresis Detection Methods for ASFV and CSFV

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

African Swine Fever Virus: A Review

African Swine Fever Virus: A Review

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador

Risk factors and spatiotemporal analysis of classical swine fever in Ecuador

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