“…Note. That zero-sum situations may exist in our game, but abundant works have verified that innovation and value co-creation activities in innovation ecosystem scenarios generally nurture non-zero-sum outcomes (e.g., Bhargava, 2021;Ranjan & Read, 2021;Visscher et al, 2021), even so in co-evolution of innovation ecosystems (e.g., Benitez et al, 2020;Breslin et al, 2021;Steinbruch et al, 2022). Thus, following their works, we proceed with our analysis under a non-zerosum context.…”