Deterrence: The Elusive Dependent Variable

Lebow, Richard Ned; Stein, Janice Gross

doi:10.2307/2010415

Cited by 130 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Work in the late 1980s continuing this tradition included scholarship by Janice Gross Stein, Richard Ned Lebow, Ole Holsti, Alexander George, Deborah Welch Larson, Betty Glad, and Stephen Walt (Jervis, Lebow, and Stein, 1985;Martha Cottan, Cottam, 1986;George and Smoke, 1989;O. Holsti, 1989;Lebow and Stein, 1990;Larson, 1985Larson, , 1993Glad, 1989;Walt, 1992). An excellent example of work in this period includes that of Hermann (1985Hermann ( , 1986Hermann ( , 1993, who developed a typology of stereotypical images with reference to Soviet perceptions (the other as ''child, '' as ''degenerate, '' etc.…”

Section: Individual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations

Hudson

2005

Foreign Policy Analysis

377

162

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Examining the history, conceptual breadth, and recent trends in the study of foreign policy analysis, it is clear that this subfield provides what may be the best conceptual connection to the empirical ground upon which all international relations (IR) theory is based. Foreign policy analysis is characterized by an actor-specific focus, based upon the argument that all that occurs between nations and across nations is grounded in human decision makers acting singly or in groups. FPA offers significant contributions to IRFtheoretical, substantive, and methodologicalFand is situated at the intersection of all social science and policy fields as they relate to international affairs. A renewed emphasis on actor-specific theory will allow IR to more fully reclaim its ability to manifest human agency, with its attendant change, creativity, accountability, and meaning.

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Section: Individual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations

Hudson

2005

Foreign Policy Analysis

377

162

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“…9 For criticisms of classical deterrence theory, see George and Smoke 1974;Jervis 1970;Jervis 1976;Jervis 1979;Jervis, Lebow, and Stein 1985;Lebow 1981;Lebow 1984;Lebow 2005;Lebow and Stein 1987;Lebow and Stein 1989;Lebow and Stein 1990;Snyder and Diesing 1977;Stein 1987. 10 For deterrence by delegitimization, see Long & Wilner 2014;Wilner 2011;for tailored deterrence, see Bowen 2004;Knopf 2008;Morgan 2009;Payne 2001; for cumulative deterrence, see Almog 2004;Feldman 1982: 67;Lieberman 1994;Morgan 2003; for deterrence by denial, see Freedman 2004:36-40;Snyder 1961;Wilner 2011.…”

Section: Why Do We Observe Indirect Policing In Some Instances But DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Policing: Its Theory, Mechanism, and Application to Combatting Elusive Perpetrators

Nakao

2015

SSRN Journal

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“…The result is a stimulating study of deterrence and its limitations. The departure point is the observation that states challenge the status quo out of either opportunistic or desperate motives (Lebow & Stein, 1989, 1990. Davis links the relevant cognitive processes and decision-making to patterns identified by prospect theory.…”

Section: Lisa a D'ambrosio Massachusetts Institute Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Book Reviews

2002

Political Psychology

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Few scholars have done as much in the past decade as George Marcus, Russell Neuman, and Michael MacKuen to integrate questions about the role of emotion in public opinion and political behavior into political science. In this work they present a succinct and persuasive summary of their perspective. The book is an excellent starting point for political scientists interested in the current state of work on emotion in politics, and it represents the best existing attempt to treat the role of emotion in political choice from a systematic, theoretical perspective.Marcus et al. begin by laying out the theoretical foundation they use for thinking about the role of emotion, one that draws heavily on neuropsychology. The heart of the argument is that moods or emotions are best understood as the product of two separate subsystems that operate largely below people's levels of conscious awareness: the disposition and surveillance systems. This dual affective system helps people to manage information by evaluating incoming sensory inputs and by providing information about whether people can safely rely on established habits or instead need to modify their behavior in some way. Positive affective responses, which the authors label enthusiasm, indicate to people that they can safely rely on previously learned habits. Negative affective responses, labeled anxiety, lead people to rely less on habit and to be motivated to pay closer attention to information, learn, and engage in more careful consideration of different choices, behaviors, and outcomes.The empirical support for and range of the argument is broad, drawing out implications of the theory for voting choice, candidate evaluation, policy support, and political participation and learning through a series of analyses. A good subtitle for this work, however, might be "The Politics of Anxiety." Unlike in some of the earlier work that draws on this theoretical framework (e.g., Marcus & MacKuen, 1993), the bulk of the empirical evidence is marshaled to support claims about the role of anxiety. The empirical work here that discusses or explores the role of enthusiasm is much less rich than that on anxiety; even the specific hypotheses the

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Deterrence: The Elusive Dependent Variable

Cited by 130 publications

References 16 publications

Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations

Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations

Indirect Policing: Its Theory, Mechanism, and Application to Combatting Elusive Perpetrators

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