Abstract:Hailstorms cause significant economic losses every year all over the world. Roofs and many other exposed installations can be affected by the impact of hailstones. However, steel resistance to hail impact has not been sufficiently investigated. Predicting the result of hailstone impact is difficult. This can result in significant permanent deformation of the roof. This study aims to develop plastic deformation prediction models for plate structures investigating the plausibility of an equation predicting the d… Show more
“…Based on these findings, new design methods for hail-resistant steel sheets can be developed that have a wider range of applications, are more comprehensive and better match natural conditions. Photos of materials used to make hailstones of different sizes [8,22] Figure 3 Experimental setup using a) an air compressor and hail gun and b) a camera and velocity sensors Comparison of test results obtained by Wu [7] with the present FE models…”
Metal roof panels are often used on residential and commercial buildings. Steel panels subjected to hailstone impact are not sufficiently studied for their dent resistance. A finite element model (FEM) was used to analyze the entire experimental setup. For comparison with natural hailstones that remained intact after impact, artificial hailstones were launched onto different steel sheets based on their sizes and at different terminal velocities. The simulation approach and material properties are evaluated by comparing experimental results with the FE model. In addition, an equation for predicting dent depth using kinetic energy and stress is presented. The results of this study provide a better understanding of both hail and roof panel failure modes as well as their effect on dent resistance. In this study, the results of observations and numerical simulations were well matched with those of analytical models. As a result, the proposed equation overestimates dent depths compared with the ones determined by finite element models, whereas the ones found in the steel sheets are underestimated.
“…Based on these findings, new design methods for hail-resistant steel sheets can be developed that have a wider range of applications, are more comprehensive and better match natural conditions. Photos of materials used to make hailstones of different sizes [8,22] Figure 3 Experimental setup using a) an air compressor and hail gun and b) a camera and velocity sensors Comparison of test results obtained by Wu [7] with the present FE models…”
Metal roof panels are often used on residential and commercial buildings. Steel panels subjected to hailstone impact are not sufficiently studied for their dent resistance. A finite element model (FEM) was used to analyze the entire experimental setup. For comparison with natural hailstones that remained intact after impact, artificial hailstones were launched onto different steel sheets based on their sizes and at different terminal velocities. The simulation approach and material properties are evaluated by comparing experimental results with the FE model. In addition, an equation for predicting dent depth using kinetic energy and stress is presented. The results of this study provide a better understanding of both hail and roof panel failure modes as well as their effect on dent resistance. In this study, the results of observations and numerical simulations were well matched with those of analytical models. As a result, the proposed equation overestimates dent depths compared with the ones determined by finite element models, whereas the ones found in the steel sheets are underestimated.
“…The validity of the equation obtained in this study was assessed using hailstones made of PVA and liquid nitrogen. Figure 1 Photos of materials to make hailstones of different sizes 9 , 20 . …”
Section: Methods Of Creating Artificial Hailstonesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accordingly, as the ratio of the radiuses increases, so does the coefficient determined by the ratio of and . The ϰ coefficient is taken from the study of Uz et al 20 Experimental tests show that the relationship between and r is , with a tolerance of 0.2 mm. The following formula represents the relationship between the ϰ coefficient and the ratio between the radius of the artificial hailstone and the radius of the obtained indented ellipse: …”
Section: Methods Of Creating Artificial Hailstonesmentioning
Metal roof panels are commonly used on residential and commercial buildings. Steel panels exposed to hail have not yet been adequately tested for dent resistance. A finite element model (FEM) was used to analyze the entire test setup. To compare artificial hailstones with natural hailstones, which remained intact after impact, different steel sheets were struck by different sizes of artificial hailstones at different terminal velocities. The simulation and the material properties are assessed by comparing the experimental results with the FE model. An equation to predict the dent depth based on kinetic energy and stress is also presented. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the failure modes of hail and roof panels and their effects on dent resistance. In this study, the results of observations and numerical simulations agreed well with those of analytical models. The result is that the proposed equation overestimates the dent depths compared to the dent depths obtained with finite element models, while the equation leads to an underestimation of the dent depths found in the steel sheets.
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