Determining Sincerity of Effort Based on Grip Strength Test in Three Wrist Positions

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral grip strength tests are commonly used for detecting sincerity of effort. However, there is still no widely accepted standardized sincerity of effort test. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether grip strength test in three wrist positions could distinguish between maximal and submaximal efforts.MethodsTwenty healthy individuals (10 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 26.7 ± 3.92 years participated in this study. All participants completed two test conditions (maximal and submaximal efforts) in three wrist positions (neutral, flexion, and extension) using both hands. Each participant exerted 100% effort in the maximal effort condition and 50% effort in the submaximal effort condition. The participants performed three repetitions of the grip strength test for each session.ResultsThe results showed that there is a significant main effect of the type of effort (p < 0.001), wrist position (p < 0.001), and hand (p = 0.028). There were also significant types of effort and wrist position interactions (p < 0.001) and effort and hand interactions (p < 0.028). The results also showed that grip strength was highest at the wrist in neutral position in both the maximal and the submaximal effort condition. Grip strength values of the three wrist positions in the maximal effort condition were noticeably greater than those in the submaximal effort condition.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that grip strength test in three wrist positions can differentiate a maximal effort from a submaximal effort. Thus, this test could potentially be used to detect sincerity of effort in clinical setting.

<p>Examination of the Correlation Between Physical and Psychological Measures in Community-Dwelling Older Adults</p>

“…25 The individual was seated with their humerus at 0 degrees abduction and neutral rotation, 90 degrees of elbow flexion, and wrist in neutral. 26,27 The average score of the three trials was collected for each hand, and data for the dominant hand was used for analysis. 25…”

Identifying sincerity of effort by grip strength ratio of three wrist positions in individuals with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders

“…The findings were in line with a previous study which was conducted in healthy participants. 19 This suggested that the grip strength ratios of N/F and N/E might be used to assess the SOE in people with upper extremity MSDs. The considerable lower grip strength and grip strength ratio found in the SE condition in comparison with ME condition may be explained by a model developed by Kroemer and Marras.…”

“…The methodology used in this study was adapted from a previous study. 19 This study was a within‐subject research design comparing between ME and SE during performing grip strength tests in neutral, full flexion, and full extension wrist positions (Figure 1 ). In the ME condition, the participants applied force with 100% effort.…”

“…However, in their study, they conducted the test in healthy participants. 19 Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the grip strength ratio of different wrist positions could discriminate between maximal effort (ME) and SE in individuals with upper extremity MSDs. Our hypotheses were that grip strength ratio of three wrist positions could detect SOE in individuals with upper extremity MSDs.…”

Influences of Neck and/or Wrist Pain on Hand Grip Strength of Industrial Quality Proofing Workers

“…Studies showed strongest HGS in supinated and weakest HGS in pronated wrist positions [ 28 , 29 ]. Furthermore, reduced HGS was reported when measured in flexed and extended wrist positions, compared with HGS in neutral measurement positions, as well as differences between sitting and standing postures [ 30 , 31 ]. The differences were explained by changes in muscle length in flexed and extended positions, resulting in nonmaximal grip force.…”