Determination of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate in environmental and workplace air by sampling onto Tenax-TA followed by thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation and ion-trap detection

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

“…Some studies reports of sampling of isocyanates without derivatisation, either by collecting them on a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) resin followed by thermal desorption (Bianchi et al 1997), or by direct injection via headspace (Harden & Shoff 1997). However, these methods result in unnecessarily high limits of detection (Henneken et al 2007).…”

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

“…Some studies reports of sampling of isocyanates without derivatisation, either by collecting them on a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) resin followed by thermal desorption (Bianchi et al 1997), or by direct injection via headspace (Harden & Shoff 1997). However, these methods result in unnecessarily high limits of detection (Henneken et al 2007).…”

Determination of airborne isocyanates

“…Although adsorptive enrichment of isocyanates, e.g. on Tenax-TA [44], has been described as another sampling approach, it was found to be no alternative to chemisorptive enrichment.…”

“…2). Attempts have been made to detect isocyanates without derivatization [44,45] but, owing to their high reactivity toward common nucleophiles [46], e.g. water, isocyanates are prone to degradation during sampling, resulting in unsatisfactory limits of detec-Fig.…”

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

“…Some studies reports of sampling of isocyanates without derivatisation, either by collecting them on a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) resin followed by thermal desorption (Bianchi et al 1997), or by direct injection via headspace (Harden & Shoff 1997). However, these methods result in unnecessarily high limits of detection (Henneken et al 2007).…”

Determination of airborne isocyanates

“…Although adsorptive enrichment of isocyanates, e.g. on Tenax-TA [44], has been described as another sampling approach, it was found to be no alternative to chemisorptive enrichment.…”

“…2). Attempts have been made to detect isocyanates without derivatization [44,45] but, owing to their high reactivity toward common nucleophiles [46], e.g. water, isocyanates are prone to degradation during sampling, resulting in unsatisfactory limits of detec-Fig.…”

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

“…Some studies reports of sampling of isocyanates without derivatisation, either by collecting them on a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) resin followed by thermal desorption (Bianchi et al 1997), or by direct injection via headspace (Harden & Shoff 1997). However, these methods result in unnecessarily high limits of detection (Henneken et al 2007).…”

Determination of airborne isocyanates

“…Although adsorptive enrichment of isocyanates, e.g. on Tenax-TA [44], has been described as another sampling approach, it was found to be no alternative to chemisorptive enrichment.…”

“…2). Attempts have been made to detect isocyanates without derivatization [44,45] but, owing to their high reactivity toward common nucleophiles [46], e.g. water, isocyanates are prone to degradation during sampling, resulting in unsatisfactory limits of detec-Fig.…”