Determination of the ratios of individual PAH from environmental samples: can PAH sources be apportioned?

O’Malley, Vincent; Abrajano, T.A.; Hellou, Jocelyne

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(94)90022-1

Cited by 177 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The isotopic fractionation could be diluted by the signal of the other 11 carbons that are not involved in the reaction. Similar results were also found in the degradation of poly-carbon organic pollutants, such as PCBs (Drenzek et al, 2001), long chain n-alkanes (Mansuy et al, 1997) and PAHs (O'Malley et al, 1994). BDE138 can debrominate one meta-bromine atom to form BDE99 which will result in a decrease in d…”

Section: The Dsupporting

confidence: 66%

Application of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis for the biotransformation and trophic dynamics of PBDEs in a feeding study with fish

Luo

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

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Section: The Dsupporting

confidence: 66%

Application of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis for the biotransformation and trophic dynamics of PBDEs in a feeding study with fish

Luo

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

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“…According to recent studies, PAHs can induce endocrine disrupting activities mediated by mammalian estrogen receptor and/or aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Tran et al, 1996;Clemons et al, 1998;Fielden et al, 2000). Indi-such as aerosols (Norman et al, 1999;Okuda et al, 2000Okuda et al, , 2002b and sediments (O'Malley et al, 1994;Smirnov et al, 1998;Okuda et al, 2002a). The usefulness of isotope analysis of PAHs to identify their source has been suggested by these previous papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon isotopic analysis of individual organic compounds in mixtures can be achieved by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry Hayes et al, 1990). Recently, this technique has been successfully applied to PAHs extracted from combustion source materials, such as soot from biomass and coal burning (O'Malley et al, 1994(O'Malley et al, , 1997Ballentine et al, 1996;McRae et al, 1999;Okuda et al, 2002b) and vehicle exhaust (O'Malley et al, 1994;Okuda et al, 2002bOkuda et al, , 2003. Referring to these isotopic fingerprints of PAHs derived from diverse sources help us to identify the source of PAHs in environmental samples…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular composition and compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere in suburban areas

et al. 2004

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Molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sites at 1 m (S1), 10 m (S2) and approximately 200 m (S3) distant from roads in Tokyo, Japan. Total suspended particles (TSP) concentrations at S1 was approximately three times higher than S2 and S3, while the concentration of atmospheric PAHs was almost the same (76-166 µg g -1 -TSP) at S1, S2 and S3. Compound-specific δ 13 C of atmospheric PAHs ranged from -23.3 to -24.5‰ at S1, from -24.1 to -25.6‰ at S2, and from -25.2 to -27.0‰ at S3. The concentration of some PAHs and the weighted averages of δ 13 C of some selected PAHs differed significantly among the three sites. The PAH concentration ratios indicating automotive contribution were S1 > S2 > S3, while the ratios indicating non-vehicle contribution were S3 > S2 > S1. These differences in molecular and isotopic signatures among the three sites are not caused by photolysis, instead they are possibly due to differences in the sources of PAHs.A quantitative approach to identify compound-specific sources is to use the concentration and δ 13 C of individual PAHs at each site. The estimated average δ 13 C values of individual PAHs derived from automobiles, which was calculated using a mass balance model, ranged from -19.5 to -23.6‰. Taking into account the results of this study and those of previous studies, -26 to -28‰ was adopted as the δ 13 C value of PAHs derived from non-vehicle sources. We estimated that the automotive contribution to the concentration of individual PAHs ranged from 33 to 88% at S1, from 11 to 74% at S2, and from 0 to 52% at S3. We conclude that compound-specific δ 13 C measurement is a powerful and useful tool to identify such compound-specific sources of atmospheric PAHs.

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“…PAHs are released from emission sources accompanying incomplete combustion, which include automobile exhaust gases, various combustion facilities, household heating, and so forth. PAHs are emitted into the atmosphere as particles or gases (Nikolaou et al, 1984;Behymer and Hites, 1985;Daisey et al, 1986;Sanders et al, 1993;O'Malley et al, 1994;Matsuzawa, 2000). Many PAHs are suspected carcinogens (Lee is expected to provide important information for inferring the passage of time after emission and the distance of emission sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of photooxidation on .DELTA.13C of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene in the atmosphere.

Tanaka

Sakata

2002

Geochem. J.

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The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of photooxidation on δ 13 C of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) in the atmosphere. They are structural isomers but are known to differ significantly in terms of photooxidation rate. The results of literature reviews and measurements revealed that the concentration ratio of BaP and BeP (BaP/BeP) is almost constant independent of the fuel type and emission source (almost constant at 2.1), while δ 13 C values for the two PAHs are almost equal. On the other hand, the results of ultraviolet irradiation experiments indicated that the concentration of BaP was reduced by photooxidation while δ 13 C of the remaining BaP increased due to isotopic fractionation. In contrast, BeP was not photooxidized and there was no change in δ 13 C. These results lead to the expectation that BaP/BeP and the difference in δ 13 C between BaP and BeP (δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP ) would decrease and increase, respectively, from the corresponding values at the time of emissions (BaP/BeP: ~2.1; δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP : ~0) with the progress of photooxidation. This anticipated relationship was close to the results observed over Matsue, which is located on the Japan Sea coast, strongly suggesting there is a change in δ 13 C of BaP due to photooxidation. In addition, the observed results revealed that BaP/BeP and δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP levels during the winter, when photooxidation is less likely to occur compared to the summer, were similar to the levels during the summer. This supports the hypothesis that in winter, BaP emitted in the Asian continent was photooxidized during the long-range transport process before reaching the atmosphere over Matsue.

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Determination of the ratios of individual PAH from environmental samples: can PAH sources be apportioned?

Cited by 177 publications

References 19 publications

Application of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis for the biotransformation and trophic dynamics of PBDEs in a feeding study with fish

Application of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis for the biotransformation and trophic dynamics of PBDEs in a feeding study with fish

Molecular composition and compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere in suburban areas

Effect of photooxidation on .DELTA.13C of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene in the atmosphere.

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