Determination of Tectonic Movements in the Swiss Alps Using GNSS and Levelling

Bröckmann, E.; Ineichen, D.; Marti, Urs; Schaer, Stefan; Schlatter, A.; Villiger, Arturo

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_85

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…10), with highest uplift rates (> 1.0 mm yr −1 ) limited to stations located above ∼ 1000 m altitude. This is consistent with GPS and leveling results in the Swiss Alps where the most elevated region displays uplift rates up to 2 mm yr −1 (Brockmann et al, 2012). Although this correlation seems straightforward, it is not the altitude of the GPS site that matters but rather the mean elevation of the mountains surrounding the site.…”

Section: Velocity Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

Nguyen¹,

Vernant²,

Mazzotti³

et al. 2016

Solid Earth

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Abstract. We present a new 3-D GPS velocity solution for 182 sites for the region encompassing the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The velocity field is based on a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solution, to which we apply a common-mode filter, defined by the 26 longest time series, in order to correct for network-wide biases (reference frame, unmodeled large-scale processes, etc.). We show that processing parameters, such as troposphere delay modeling, can lead to systematic velocity variations of 0.1-0.5 mm yr −1 affecting both accuracy and precision, especially for short (< 5 years) time series. A velocity convergence analysis shows that minimum time-series lengths of ∼ 3 and ∼ 5.5 years are required to reach a velocity stability of 0.5 mm yr −1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. On average, horizontal residual velocities show a stability of ∼ 0.2 mm yr −1 in the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The only significant horizontal strain rate signal is in the western Pyrenees with up to 4 × 10 −9 yr −1 NNE-SSW extension, whereas no significant strain rates are detected in the Western Alps (< 1 × 10 −9 yr −1 ). In contrast, we identify significant uplift rates up to 2 mm yr −1 in the Western Alps but not in the Pyrenees (0.1 ± 0.2 mm yr −1 ). A correlation between site elevations and fast uplift rates in the northern part of the Western Alps, in the region of the Würmian ice cap, suggests that part of this uplift is induced by postglacial rebound. The very slow uplift rates in the southern Western Alps and in the Pyrenees could be accounted for by erosion-induced rebound.

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Section: Velocity Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

Nguyen¹,

Vernant²,

Mazzotti³

et al. 2016

Solid Earth

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show abstract

“…The discrepancy in uplift rates between the two near the Insubric Fault remains to be cleared (see compilation map in [142]). The GPS data of GNSS are taken from [151]. The uplift rates are relative to stable Europe, which may explain the discrepancy to the CHTRF data.…”

Section: Central Alps Of Switzerlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner

2017

Geosciences

119

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represent two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. Both styles are encountered in former passive margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction-related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In most orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures both occur and evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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“…The discrepancy in uplift rates between the two near the Insubric Fault remains to be cleared (see compilation map in [133]). The GPS data of GNSS are taken from [142]. The uplift rates are relative to stable Europe, which may explain the discrepancy to the CHTRF data.…”

Section: Central Alps Of Switzerlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represents two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. A thick-skinned tectonic style is typical for margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In composite orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

show abstract

Determination of Tectonic Movements in the Swiss Alps Using GNSS and Levelling

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

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