Determination of specific surface areas of dispersed materials. Comparison of the negative adsorption method with some other methods

Hul, H. J. Van Den; Lyklema, J.

doi:10.1021/ja01014a003

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Calibration was checked between samples. The surface area of Ottawa sand was determined by methylene blue adsorption as described by van den Hul and Lyklema (42), except that 20 g of sand and 20 ml of dye solutions were used. The sand was not further characterized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils

Moore

Taylor

Sturman

et al. 1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

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The adsorption of radiolabeled infectious poliovirus type 2 by 34 well-defined soils and mineral substrates was analyzed in a synthetic freshwater medium containing 1 mM CaCl 2 and 1.25 mM NaHCO 3 at pH 7. In a model system, adsorption of poliovirus by Ottawa sand was rapid and reached equilibrium within 1 h at 4°C. Near saturation, the adsorption could be described by the Langmuir equation; the apparent surface saturation was 2.5 × 10 6 plaque-forming units of poliovirus per mg of Ottawa sand. At low surface coverage, adsorption was described by the Freundlich equation. The soils and minerals used ranged from acidic to basic and from high in organic content to organic free. The available negative surface charge on each substrate was measured by the adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Most of the substrates adsorbed more than 95% of the virus. In general, soils, in comparison with minerals, were weak adsorbents. Among the soils, muck and Genesee silt loam were the poorest adsorbents; among the minerals, montmorillonite, glauconite, and bituminous shale were the least effective. The most effective adsorbents were magnetite sand and hematite, which are predominantly oxides of iron. Correlation coefficients for substrate properties and virus adsorption revealed that the elemental composition of the adsorbents had little effect on poliovirus uptake. Substrate surface area and pH, by themselves, were not significantly correlated with poliovirus uptake. A strong negative correlation was found between poliovirus adsorption and both the contents of organic matter and the available negative surface charge on the substrates as determined by their capacities for adsorbing the cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils

Moore

Taylor

Sturman

et al. 1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

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“…Many authors show the use of modified natural zeolite on environmental applications, mainly anions uptake from effluents by adsorption processes 10,11,20,21 . The present work describes studies of characterization, modification (treatment) and application of a natural zeolite from Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of ions onto treated natural zeolite

Oliveira

Rubio

2007

Mat. Res.

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“…Lath or cylindrical shapes were assumed for the calculation depending on the particle morphology. Surface areas were also measured for a few samples by negative adsorption in solution according to the procedure of van den Hul and Lyklema (4). Hydrogen ions were the potentialdetermining ions, being adsorbed at acidic pH on the ferric oxyhydroxide surface to produce a positive charge.…”

Section: Ferric Oxyhydroxide Microparticles In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferric oxyhydroxide microparticles in water

Whittemore¹,

Langmuir²

1974

Environ Health Perspect

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Mineralogy and specific surface area are major controls on the stabilities of ferric oxyhydroxide microparticles in natural waters. The thermodynamic stabilities of ferric oxyhydroxides, as described by the activity product in solution pK [OH J3 range from pK = 37.1 for freshly precipitated amorphou oxyhydroxide to pK = 44.2 for well crystallized goethite. The sizes of suspended oxyhydroxide particles in natural waters range from less than 0.01 Am to greater than 5 Mm. Oxyhydroxides precipitated in the laboratory from solutions simulating high-iron natural waters are needlelike or lathlike in shape and have mean thicknesses as small as 60 A. Large specific surface areas resulting from the smali sizes of ferric oxyhydroxide particles cause increased solubilities and thus decreased pK values. Specific surface areas of 40-170 m2/g determined for laboratory precipitates gave computed decreases in pK of 0.4 to 1.6 units.Natural waters relatively high in dissolved iron (>0.3 ppm) can occur in reducing environments such as certain ground waters, lake bottoms, and flooded soils, and in oxidizing conditions at low pH, such as acid mine drainage.When the dissolved ferrous iron is oxidized and hydrolyzed, ferric oxyhydroxides form. Naturally occurring ferric oxyhydroxides are listed in Table 1; of these, x-ray amorphous material and goethite are most commonly precipitated in surface and ground waters. concentration of dissolved ferrous iron from that of the total iron, and range from 0.002 to 1.0 ppm iron (1). The sizes of these suspended particles range from less than 0.01 ,um to greater than 5 ,um and average 1-2,um, as shown by filtration studies (2). Laboratory precipitation studies of ferric oxyhydroxides were conducted by using ferrous or ferric solutions which were prepared to simulate acid coal mine drainage. The procedure involved the addition of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and NaHCO3 to solutions 104 to 10-2M in dissolved ferrous or ferric iron at 25°C.Mineralogy, relative amounts of phases, and mean particle thicknesses of the precipitates were determined by x-ray diffraction line positions, area ratios, and broadening, respectively. Acicular and rodlike goethite crystals were elongated in the [001] or c-axis direction, while bladed lepidocrocite crystals were flattened on I 010 1. Precipitates prepared for x-ray diffraction analysis were allowed to orient by settling out of a dispersion on a glass slide. Thus, x-ray diffraction.mean thicknesses were for the [110] and [010]t.directions for goethite and lepidocrocite, respectively. Particle morphology, widths, and lengths were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Particles were allowed to orient by drying a drop of dispersion on a collodim-covered grid. December 1974 173

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Determination of specific surface areas of dispersed materials. Comparison of the negative adsorption method with some other methods

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Poliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils

Poliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils

Adsorption of ions onto treated natural zeolite

Ferric oxyhydroxide microparticles in water

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