Determination of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Multienzyme Inhibition Assay

Akkad, Rami; Schwack, Wolfgang

doi:10.5740/jaoacint.sge_akkad

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…RLE has been used to investigate the toxic effect of carbamate insecticides [16] and the effect of MK-733 (simvastatin) on intestinal acylcoenzyme A [17]. Furthermore, both esterases are commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a simple HPLC approach to identify the enzymatic products of UTL-5g, a small molecule TNF-α inhibitor, from porcine esterase and from rabbit esterase

Swartz

Zhang

Valeriote

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography B

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UTL-5g is a novel small-molecule chemoprotector that lowers hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelotoxicity induced by cisplatin through TNF-α inhibition among other factors. As a prelude to investigating the metabolites of UTL-5g, we set out to identify the enzymatic products of UTL-5g under the treatment of both porcine liver esterase (PLE) and rabbit liver esterase (RLE). First, a number of mixtures made by UTL-5g and PLE were incubated at 25 °C. At predetermined time points, individual samples were quenched by acetonitrile, vortexed, and centrifuged. The supernatants were then analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC (using a C18 column). The retention times and UV/Vis spectra of individual peaks were compared to those of UTL-5g and its two postulated enzymatic products; thus the enzymatic products of UTL-5g were tentatively identified. Secondly, a different HPLC method (providing different retentions times) was used to cross-check and to confirm the identities of the two enzymatic products. Based on the observations, it was concluded that under the treatment of PLE, the major enzymatic products of UTL-5g were 5-methyliosxazole-3-carboxylic acid (ISOX) and 2,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Treatment of UTL-5g by RLE also provided the same enzymatic products of UTL-5g from esterase. These results indicate that the peptide bond in UTL-5g was cleaved by PLE/RLE. Michaelis–Menten kinetics showed that the Km values of UTL-5g were 2.07 mM with PLE and 0.37 mM with RLE indicating that UTL-5g had a higher affinity with RLE. In summary, by a simple HPLC approach, we have concluded that the peptide bond in UTL-5g was cleaved by esterase from either porcine liver or rabbit liver in vitro and afforded DCA (at a mole ratio of 1:1) and ISOX. However, further studies are needed in order to determine whether UTL-5g is metabolized by microsomal enzymes to produce ISOX and DCA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a simple HPLC approach to identify the enzymatic products of UTL-5g, a small molecule TNF-α inhibitor, from porcine esterase and from rabbit esterase

Swartz

Zhang

Valeriote

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Biosensor. A microbial biosensor mostly utilizes nucleic acid oxidation properties based on the interaction of DNA molecules or its product with pesticides [63] can be monitored by detecting the change in reduction oxidation (redox) potential. Thus, scientists are devoting their time to produce genetically engineered microbes which are responsible to recognizing certain existing chemical or physiological stresses through reporter protein synthesis [19].…”

Section: Genetic Modification and Whole-cell Microbialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biosensors as Pesticide Detector: An Overview

Aynalem

Muleta

2021

Journal of Sensors

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Farmers are highly dependent upon agrochemicals to boost crop production through soil fertilization and and insect pests, pathogens, parasites, and weeds management . However, contentious application of agrochemicals on the farm has aggravated residual accumulation and has become problematic for environmental safety besides causing disease to humans and other animals. Thus, the analysis of chemical residues from the environment is vital for policymakers and communities. Mostly, chemists were devoted to analyzing the existing contaminants from different sources by using highly sophisticated chromatographic equipment, although it is time taking, laborious, costly, and that required well-trained professionals. However, biosensors are more important to analyze chemical contaminants from different samples using various bioreporters integrated with electrochemical and optical transducers. Microbes are metabolically diverse, amenable for genetic engineering, cost effective in culturing, and tolerant to diverse conditions. Thus, microbial biosensor is capturing attention and becoming more effective for environmental monitoring. Therefore, this review assessed the implication of microbial biosensors for pesticide detection and the role of genetic engineering for strain improvement.

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“…The AChE assay was prepared according to previous studies [21,22]. Briefly, the developed, neutralized and dried plate was immersed in the prepared enzyme solution for 5 s at the immersion speed of 1 cm/s using the TLC Immersion Device (CAMAG).…”

Section: Enzymatic Ache Inhibitory Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Bioactive Components of Oilseed Cakes by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-(Bio)assay Combined with Mass Spectrometry

Teh

Morlock

2015

Chromatography

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Hemp, flax and canola seed cakes are byproducts of the plant oil extraction industry that have not received much attention in terms of their potential use for human food instead of animal feed. Thus, the bioactivity profiling of these oilseed cakes is of interest. For their effect-directed analysis, planar chromatography was combined with several (bio)assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, acetylcholine esterase inhibition, planar yeast estrogen screen, antimicrobial Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri assays. The streamlined high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-bioassay method allowed the discovery of previously unknown bioactive compounds present in these oilseed cake extracts. In contrast to target analysis, the direct link to the effective compounds allowed comprehensive information with regard to selected effects. HPTLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry via the elution-head based TLC-MS Interface was used for a first characterization of the unknown effective compounds. The demonstrated bioactivity profiling on the feed/food intake side may guide the isolation of active compounds for production of functional food or for justified motivation of functional feed/food supplements.

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Determination of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Multienzyme Inhibition Assay

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Using a simple HPLC approach to identify the enzymatic products of UTL-5g, a small molecule TNF-α inhibitor, from porcine esterase and from rabbit esterase

Using a simple HPLC approach to identify the enzymatic products of UTL-5g, a small molecule TNF-α inhibitor, from porcine esterase and from rabbit esterase

Microbial Biosensors as Pesticide Detector: An Overview

Analysis of Bioactive Components of Oilseed Cakes by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-(Bio)assay Combined with Mass Spectrometry

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