Determination of lindane leachability in soil–biosolid systems and its bioavailability in wheat plants

New biomimetic approach to determine the bioavailability of triclosan in soils and its validation with the wheat plant uptake bioassay

“…Thus, results obtained in this study confirm our previous findings (Caicedo et al, 2011) that amending soils with biosolids is beneficial for immobilizing low polarity contaminants and helps prevent its percolation through the soil profile and into the groundwater. …”

“…This interaction restricts the free leaching (or lability) of the compound, which confirms that amending a soil with biosolids contributes to the immobilization of TCS and helps prevent its percolation through the soil profile and into the groundwater, analogous to the lindane behavior in soils reported previously (Caicedo et al, 2011). Regarding MTCS, it was not detected in leaching test due its hydrophobicity and its low concentration in the soil-biosolid mixture.…”

“…The leaching behavior was similar in both soils for all biosolid rates, similarly to that previously observed for lindane in Chilean soils (Caicedo et al, 2011). The leaching time profiles, in both soils, at a representative biosolid rate of 90 Mg ha À1 , are shown in Fig.…”

“…In other words, the leaching equilibrium can compete with the extraction equilibrium. On the other hand, sequential extraction methodologies have also been reported (Caicedo et al, 2011), in which interference between equilibria are avoided.…”

“…Some studies have demonstrated that the labile or the freely dissolved fraction of a given pollutant is related to the corresponding fraction available to living organisms (Urrestarazu et al, 1998;Caicedo et al, 2011). The freely dissolved fraction refers to molecules in aqueous solution that are not bound to the matrix, or to the dissolved organic matter; this portion is more likely to be determined in media with high water content and not on a dry matrix, such as in air or dry soil (Reichenberg and Mayer, 2006).…”