Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle

Chizzotti, M. L.; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares; Valadares, Rilene Ferreira Diniz; Tedeschi, L. O.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.013

Cited by 247 publications

(164 citation statements)

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“…Creatinine excretion is not greatly affected by changes in diet, and variations in the daily creatinine excretion may be different according to the growth rate of animals (Chizzotti et al, 2008). Creatinine is raised from the muscle metabolism trough the clearance of creatinine phosphate (Harper et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

et al. 2016

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-This study was undertaken to determine the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake and total tract digestion, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, and energy balance of dairy heifers. Twelve Jersey heifers (6±0.5 months of age and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to diets, six days of sampling, and five days of washout. The experimental diets were: control (CO); chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 2.0 g kg −1 DM of chitosan); whole raw soybean (WS, 163.0 g kg −1 of WS on diet DM basis); and chitosan + whole raw soybean (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes; however, CHI increased DM total tract digestion. An interaction effect was observed on retained nitrogen, which increased when animals were fed CHI+WS compared with CO or CHI, but did not differ from that of animals fed WS. Chitosan decreased microbial nitrogen and crude protein flow of heifers. Energy balance was improved when heifers received diets containing WS. Efficiency of energy utilization was not affected by experimental diets. An interaction effect was observed for blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration, which increased with both dietary inclusion of CHI and WS compared with the other diets, and CHI provided the lowest value of HDL cholesterol. Chitosan and whole raw soybean do not alter nutrient intake and total tract digestion; however, they decrease nitrogen urinary excretion and increase blood HDL cholesterol of heifers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

et al. 2016

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“…Our CR concentrations were corrected by a factor of 0.7 (based on our internal laboratory results) to adjust for loss of CR after acid treatment to stabilize urine samples, which could be one reason why it is higher than in previous studies. However, Chizzotti et al (2008) reported that heavier animals have lower body protein content, and therefore lower urine CR outputs per unit BW. The average BW of the cows in our current study was higher (673 versus 627 and 560 kg from Moorby et al, 2006 andGonzalez-Ronquillo et al, 2003 respectively), but the BCS was relatively lower than in these studies.…”

Section: Potential Impacts Of Differences In Dietary Cp Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the optimal ratio of canola meal and high protein dried distillers grain protein in diets of high producing Holstein dairy cows

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2014

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tUse of canola meal (CM) and dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as major supplemental protein sources are common practice in North American dairy rations and usage of both is projected to increase in the future. Since limited data is available on performance of cows fed diets with different ratios of CM and DDGS, our objective was to determine the optimal ratio of CM to DDGS protein in a contemporary lactation dairy ration by feeding combinations of CM and high protein DDG (HPDDG) to early lactation multiparity dairy cows. The experiment was a 4×4 Latin square with 28 d periods using four pens of ∼320 high producing cows/pen. Treatments were created by varying the amounts of CM and HPDDG added on a DM basis to be: (1) 0 g/kg CM and 200 g/kg HPDDG, (2) 65 g/kg CM and 135 g/kg HPDDG, (3) 135 g/kg CM and 65 g/kg HPDDG, (4) 200 g/kg CM and 0 g/kg HPDDG. Dry matter intake was not affected by the CM/HPDDG ratio in the ration. Milk and lactose yield, true protein (TP) content and yield, milk fat yield as well as milk energy output increased at a decreasing rate with a higher CM/HPDDG ratio. Maximum values for milk and TP yield were at ∼135 g/kg CM, while lactose, TP content and milk energy were maximized at ∼120 g/kg CM inclusion. Milk fat content and milk energy density decreased linearly with higher CM inclusion. Body condition score change responded quadratically with the highest gain at ∼120 g/kg CM inclusion. The purine derivative to creatinine index increased linearly with higher CM inclusion levels, suggesting that microbial protein production (MCP) was limited in the 0 g/kg CM ration and was progressively stimulated by higher feeding levels of CM. Plasma AA levels suggest that the reduction in lysine in dietary protein, together with the decrease in MCP production, resulted in a substantial reduction in lysine available for milk production, thereby limiting performance in the higher HPDDG ration. The only AA which decreased in plasma with higher CM feeding levels were phenylalanine, leucine and methionine. That the level of leucine in the plasma was still decreasing linearly, while methionine and phenylalanine responded quadratically at the 200 g/kg CM treatment, was interpreted to suggest that the leucine supply remained higher than its requirement at the highest CM Abbreviations: AA, amino acids; ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADICP, AD insoluble CP; AL, allantoin; aNDF, amylase-treated NDF; aNDFom, aNDF free of residual ash; AP, absorbable protein; BCS, body condition score; BUN, blood urea N; BW, body weight; CM, canola meal; CP, crude protein; CR, creatinine; DC305, DairyComp 305 management system; DDGS, dried distillers grains with solubles; DHIA, Dairy Herd Improvement Association; DIM, days in milk; DM, dry matter; EAA, essential AA; HPDDG, high protein DDG; MCP, microbial CP; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; NE L , net energy for lactation; OM, organic matter; PD, purine derivatives; PDC index, PD to creatinine index; RDP, rumen degradable CP; RUP, rumen undegradable CP; SCC, soma...

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“…The urinary excretion of creatinine was estimated from the 24.05 mg creatinine/kg live weight (LW) proposed by Chizzotti et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea in sugarcane-based diets for dairy cows

Santiago¹,

Campos

Oliveira

et al. 2013

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-We evaluated the effect of adding four levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 g/kg, as fed) of a mixture (9:1) of urea and ammonium sulfate (UAs) to sugarcane on feed intake and digestibility, productive performance and metabolism of nitrogen compounds of dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (12.6±0.5 kg/d of milk, 225±90 days in milk) were distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares, receiving diets with the same amount of nitrogen (125 g crude protein/kg of dry matter). Concentrate feed was supplied at a ratio of 1 kg for each 3 kg of milk produced. The sugarcane presented 21.9 ºBrix. The level of UAs did not affect intake, total digestibility of diet components, milk production or milk components. Increasing UAs level linearly increased concentration of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), urinary excretion of nitrogen and contribution of non-urea nitrogen in the urinary excretion and linearly reduced milk production/urinary excretion of nitrogen ratio. In spite of the linear increase of PUN with increased urea, the maximum value observed (14.31 mg/dL) was below the threshold value of 20 mg/dL, above which reproductive function may be compromised. In diets with sugarcane for dairy cows with production below 15 kg/day, the UAs level may be raised from 0 to 12 g/kg natural matter without impairing performance.

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Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle

Cited by 247 publications

References 25 publications

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

Nutrient digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of Jersey heifers fed chitosan and whole raw soybeans

Determining the optimal ratio of canola meal and high protein dried distillers grain protein in diets of high producing Holstein dairy cows

Urea in sugarcane-based diets for dairy cows

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