Determination of chemical-structural changes in vitrinite accompanying luminescence alteration using C-NEXAFS analysis

Cody, George D.; Ade, Harald; Wirick, S.; Mitchell, Gareth D.; Davis, A. W.

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(98)00010-2

Cited by 107 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The absorption band at 285.1 eV is unambiguously assigned to a 1s-π* transition of protonated and alkyl-substituted aromatic carbon functional groups. 18,[20][21][22][25][26][27][28]30 Ketone CdO, carbonyl-substituted aromatic C, and phenolic C-OH can all have resonances at 286.7 eV. 22,25,30,31 Hence, an unambiguous assignment of this peak is not possible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbonaceous particles originating from biomass burning can account for a large fraction of organic aerosols in a local environment. Presently, their composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as their environmental effects are largely unknown. Tar balls, a distinct type of highly spherical carbonaceous biomass burn particles, have been observed in a number of field campaigns. The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study that took place in summer 2002 occurred during an active fire season in the western United States; tar balls collected during this field campaign are described in this article. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy are used to determine the shape, structure, and size-dependent chemical composition of ∼150 individual spherical particles ranging in size from 0.15 to 1.2 μm. The elemental composition of tar balls is ∼55% atomic carbon and ∼45% atomic oxygen. Oxygen is present primarily as carboxylic carbonyls and oxygen-substituted alkyl (O-alkyl-C) functional groups, followed by moderate amounts of ketonic carbonyls. The observed chemical composition, density, and carbon functional groups are distinctly different from soot or black carbon and more closely resemble high molecular weight polymeric humic-like substances, which could account for their reported optical properties. A detailed examination of the carboxylic carbonyl and O-alkyl-C functional groups as a function of particle size reveals a thin oxygenated interface layer. The high oxygen content, as well as the presence of water-soluble carboxylic carbonyl groups, could account for the reported hygroscopic properties of tar balls. The presence of the oxygenated layer is attributed to atmospheric processing of biomass burn particles.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sedimentary environments along continental margins have a GBC fraction of BC which is characterized by more disordered graphite and amorphous carbon. The Equatorial Pacific GBC fraction is remarkable in the existence of highly-ordered graphite, but they also appear to contain significant aliphatic Hitchcock et al (1986Hitchcock et al ( , 1992, Hitchcock and Ishii (1987), Hitchcock and Stöhr (1987), Cody et al (1996Cody et al ( , 1998, Urquhart and Ade (2002), George Cody (pers. commun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of the graphitic black carbon fraction in riverine and marine sediments at sub-micron scales using carbon X-ray spectromicroscopy

Haberstroh¹,

Brandes

Gélinas

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The chemical composition of the graphitic black carbon (GBC) fraction of marine organic matter was explored in several marine and freshwater sedimentary environments along the west coast of North America and the Pacific Ocean. Analysis by carbon x-ray absorption near edge structure (C-XANES) spectroscopy and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) show the GBC-fraction of Stillaguamish River surface sediments to be dominated by more highly-ordered and impure forms of graphite, together forming about 80% of the GBC, with a smaller percent of an aliphatic carbon component. Eel River Margin surface sediments had very little highly-ordered graphite, and were instead dominated by amorphous carbon and to a lesser extent, impure graphite.However, the GBC of surface sediments from the Washington State Slope and the Mexico Margin were composed almost solely of amorphous carbon. Pre-anthropogenic, highly-oxidized deep-sea sediments from the open Equatorial Pacific Ocean contained over half their GBC in different forms of graphite as well as highly-aliphatic carbon, low aromatic/highly-acidic aliphatic carbon, low aromatic/highly aliphatic carbon, and amorphous forms of carbon. Our results clearly show the impact of graphite and amorphous C phases in the BC fraction in modern riverine sediments and nearby marine shelf deposits. The pre-anthropogenic Equatorial Pacific GBC fraction is remarkable in the existence of highly-ordered graphite.2

show abstract

“…The assignment of the peaks with increasing energy results from comparison with published results and the differentiation of the measured data, and is presented in Table 2 photoelectron spectroscopy) data (Bubert et al 2000). For the analysis, we hence assumed that the area under a Gaussian curve assigned to a resonance is proportional to the frequency of occurrence of this binding form of the studied element (Xia et al 1998;Huffman et al 1991;Cody et al 1998; di Stasio and Braun 2006), making it possible to approximate the composition of the bound elements. To do so, the areas of the peaks were added up, and the sum was set to 100% in the sample.…”

Section: Reference Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soon, more complex samples from polymer science were investigated using NEXAFS spectroscopy, see for example Kikuma and Tonner (1996); Urquhart and Ade (2002). Over the recent years, more and more complex heterogeneous samples from biomolecular (Boese et al 1997;Hitchcock et al 2005;Benzerara et al 2006) or environmental (Cody et al 1998;Braun 2005;Solomon et al 2009) origin were studied. Especially natural organic matter and soils Schumacher et al 2005;Lehmann et al 2007;Thieme et al 2010), or particulate matter (Braun et al , 2007 were subject to such studies, by which valuable information about the chemical composition and functional groups and also their change due to photolysis, temperature, and so on could be gained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of refractory organic substances by NEXAFS using a compact X-ray source

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose We present the characterization of environmental samples using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra recorded with an in-house device. We want to point out the feasibility of such an easily accessed complementary technique, if not sometimes alternative to NEXAFS studies performed with synchrotron radiation, as the number of compact setups is increasing. Materials and methods The experiments were carried out using a laser-driven plasma source. We studied heterogeneous samples like refractory organic substances to demonstrate the potential of NEXAFS spectra, achieved by such an instrument, concerning specimens of high chemical complexity.Results and discussion From the respective resonance peaks in the spectra, the presence of certain functional groups, such as aromatic or carbonyl groups, is verified, and the elemental composition is estimated. The results of the reference samples are consistent with the literature. For the environmental samples, external influences of the extraction solvent or fertilizers can be determined from the spectra. Conclusions This could provide the possibility to perform test experiments with samples, which are later studied in more detail with synchrotron light and might as well give an impulse on the broader spread of the application of NEXAFS spectroscopy.

show abstract

Determination of chemical-structural changes in vitrinite accompanying luminescence alteration using C-NEXAFS analysis

Cited by 107 publications

References 27 publications

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Chemical composition of the graphitic black carbon fraction in riverine and marine sediments at sub-micron scales using carbon X-ray spectromicroscopy

Characterization of refractory organic substances by NEXAFS using a compact X-ray source

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About