“…Thus far, various analytical methods, such as dynamic headspace (Karačonji & Skender, 2007), headspace purge and trap (Brči c & Skender, 2003), headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (Gomes, D'Andrea, Mendes, & de Siqueira, 2010;Gura, Tarifa, Mulloor, Torres, & Almirall, 2018;Karačonji & Skender, 2007) and cooling/heating headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (Tajik, Bahrami, Ghiasvand, & Shahna, 2017), have been used for the determination of urinary BTEXs. solid-phase micro-extraction as a solvent-less, onestep, fast and cost-effective method has been used for the extraction and analysis of VOCs in urine.…”