Determination of antiretroviral agents in human serum by capillary electrophoresis

Pereira, Elisabete Alves; Micke, Gustavo Amadeu; Tavares, Marina Franco Maggi

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.031

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Coefficient of determination, LOD, LOQ and recovery. (table I) were found to be lower than in previous studies reported by others, the LODs were 10 to 100 times lower than in the study of Sekar and Azhaguvel [21], Fan and Stewart [23], Pereira et al [25], and Tuan et al [26]. ARVs extracted from serum with SPE cartridges were successfully recovered (near 100% for ZDV, D4T and 3TC and 88% for NVP, table I).…”

Section: Validation Of the Separation Methodscontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Addition of 2% or 5% ethanol and a raise of 5 • C of the capillary temperature (from 25 • C to 30 • C) did not influence the ZDV or D4T electrophoretic migration. Since ZDV and D4T could be separated with a slightly modified version of the buffer used by the group of Pereira, a buffer solution with 10 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.8), 50 mM SDS, 30% MeOH and 5% ethanol allowed a good separation between the EOF and the 3TC peak but the capillary temperature had to be raised at 40 • C to get an optimal separation of each ARV drug [25]. To avoid high temperature and the subsequent Joule effect, a decrease of the tetraborate concentration to a final 5 mM was tested and gave similar separation results with a capillary temperature of 27 • C and a voltage of 30 kV.…”

Section: Development Of a New Mekc Methods For Arv Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 64.6 cm long polyimide coated fused silica capillary with an effective length of 54.3 cm, an outer diameter of 363 ± 10 μm and an inner diameter of 75± 3 μm (Composite Metal Services Ltd., Shipley, UK) was chosen for optimal separation. Prior to each sample analysis, the capillary was rinsed at 25 …”

Section: Instrumental Parameters and Ce Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sekar and Azhaguvel described two different MEKC methods to separate 3TC and ZDV as well as 3TC, D4T and NVP in pharmaceutical formulations but they encountered difficulties to separate 3TC from the electroosmotic flow (EOF) peak [21,22]. Separation and quantitation of ZDV, NVP and EFV using MEKC was then validated in human serum by two other groups [23,25]. Tuan et al separated fifteen protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human serum samples with a fast MEKC method [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CE could indeed serve as the method of choice for separating, analysing and monitoring of drugs in resource-limited countries [20]. Few CE methods have been reported to measure ARV concentrations and were mainly based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) allowing separation of charged and uncharged compounds [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Sekar and Azhaguvel described two different MEKC methods to separate 3TC and ZDV as well as 3TC, D4T and NVP in pharmaceutical formulations but they encountered difficulties to separate 3TC from the electroosmotic flow (EOF) peak [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

et al. 2012

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-Purpose: Recent improvements to the availability of antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to the generic formulation of antiretroviral drugs. Quality drug surveillance, routine supervision and adherence data are however restricted owing to a fundamental lack of resources in the area. Accordingly we have developed an affordable micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine in plasma. Methods: The antiretroviral drugs were extracted by solid phase extraction. Various factors influencing separation of the four drugs have been optimized. A buffer consisting of 5 mM sodium tetraborate at pH 9.8, containing 50 mM SDS, 30% methanol and 5% ethanol was found to be particularly suitable and the MEKC method was validated. Results: All validation parameters were within the 20% acceptation limit, except for the interday precision of stavudine which required a daily calibration curve. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine were 0.037, 0.051, 0.029 and 0.028 mg/L respectively and were below the therapeutic concentration ranges of each drug. The optimized MEKC method was successfully applied to 16 human plasma samples. Conclusion: Our sensitive and validated method was demonstrated to be suitable for simultaneous detection and quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. This cost-effective method could be of interest for resource limited countries not only for adherence or therapeutic monitoring but also for steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of generic ARV drugs.Key words: Capillary electrophoresis, drug monitoring, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography, plasma Résumé -Objectif : L'accès aux thérapies antirétrovirales en Afrique sub-saharienne s'est récemment nettement amélioré grâce à l'apparition des antirétroviraux sous la forme de génériques. Cependant, la surveillance de la qualité des médicaments, le suivi thérapeutique de routine et les données concernant l'observance restent limités dans ces régions du fait du manque de ressources. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une méthode de chromatographie électrocinétique micellaire (CEM) à faible coût permettant la détection et la quantification simultanée de zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine et névirapine dans le plasma. Méthodes : Une extraction en phase solide a été réalisée afin d'isoler les médicaments antirétroviraux. Différents facteurs influençant la séparation des quatre composants ont été optimisés. Un tampon constitué de tétraborate de sodium 5 mM à pH 9,8, contenant 50 mM de SDS, 30 % méthanol et 5 % éthanol s'avérait le plus adéquat et la méthode CEM a été validée. zidovudine, de la stavudine, de la lamivudine et de la névirapine étaient respectivement de 0,037, 0,051, 0,029 et 0,028 mg/L, par conséquent, inférieures aux concentrations thérapeutiques de chaque médicament. Seize plasmas huma...

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Section: Validation Of the Separation Methodscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Development Of a New Mekc Methods For Arv Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Parameters and Ce Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

et al. 2012

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Determination of didanosine in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, fetal and placental tissues by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Clark

White

Bartlett

2006

Biomedical Chromatography

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A rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of didanosine concentrations in maternal rat plasma, amniotic fluid, placental and fetal tissue samples has been developed and validated. Tissue samples were homogenized in optima water and centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis. Plasma and amniotic fluid samples were extracted without pretreatment. An Agilent 1100 Series HPLC coupled with a Micromass Quattro II triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for all analyses. Chromatographic resolution was achieved on a Nova-Pak phenyl analytical column (2.0 x 150 mm, 4 microm particle size) equipped with a Phenomenex Security-guard phenyl guard cartridge (2.0 x 4.0 mm) using 60% methanol in 10 mm ammonium acetate buffer mobile phase for all matrices at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The method yields retention times of 2.9 min for didanosine and 3.0 min for the internal standard, stavudine. Limits of detection were 1 ng/mL for all matrices. Recoveries were 70% or greater for both compounds in the different matrices. Within- and between-run precision (%RSD) and accuracy (%error) was less than 15% for all matrices.

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Electrochemical Oxidation of the Antiretroviral Drug Nelfinavir on Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes

et al. 2016

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This paper describes the voltammetric study of the electrochemical oxidation of the antiretroviral drug Nelfinavir using a screen‐printed sensor modified with carbon nanotubes. The performance of the sensor in the determination of the drug was characterized in terms of precision (RSD 5.05 %, n=5) and capability of detection (10.99±0.87 μM for α=β=0.05, n=5) under optimized voltammetric conditions of pH, accumulation time and potential, in the calibration range from 10 to 150 μM of NFV. In order to check the viability of the device, the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical and biological samples was carried out and its performance was also validated comparing it with HPLC.

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Determination of antiretroviral agents in human serum by capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Simultaneous quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

Simultaneous quantification of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

Determination of didanosine in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, fetal and placental tissues by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Electrochemical Oxidation of the Antiretroviral Drug Nelfinavir on Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes

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