Determination of anthracycline antibiotics doxorubicin and daunorubicin by capillary electrophoresis with UV absorption detection

Abstract

Sweeping preconcentration and electrokinetic injection was used for the capillary electrophoretic analysis of trace amounts of biologically active anthracyclines with UV absorption detection. Phosphate buffer (100 mM), pH 2.5, with addition of 40% v/v methanol was used as background electrolyte (BGE). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (150 mM) was added to BGE in the inlet vial as the sweeping agent. The system enables effective separation of anthracyclines as well as cleanup from matrix impurities. Sweeping preconcentration of sample provides an excellent detection limit (1 x 10(-9) mol L(-1)). The method was applied for the determination of therapeutic levels of doxorubicin in real plasma samples.

Doxorubicin conjugated to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy

“…However, all the values fall below the peak concentration (8913.728 ng/mL) with the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) administration (8 mg/kg) of pristine DOX 57. The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL 58…”

“…57 The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL. 58 Table II shows the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pristine DOX and the conjugates, TPGS-DOX and TPGS-DOX-FOL. It can be seen that the half-life of the drug was 10.5 6 1.14 h for TPGS-DOX-FOL conjugate, 10.2 6 1.15 h for TPGS-DOX conjugate and 2.69 6 0.13 h for pristine DOX, which is in good agreement with the literature value.…”

Doxorubicin conjugated to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy

“…However, all the values fall below the peak concentration (8913.728 ng/mL) with the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) administration (8 mg/kg) of pristine DOX 57. The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL 58…”

“…57 The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL. 58 Table II shows the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pristine DOX and the conjugates, TPGS-DOX and TPGS-DOX-FOL. It can be seen that the half-life of the drug was 10.5 6 1.14 h for TPGS-DOX-FOL conjugate, 10.2 6 1.15 h for TPGS-DOX conjugate and 2.69 6 0.13 h for pristine DOX, which is in good agreement with the literature value.…”

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Poly(Azure B)-DNA Composite for Doxorubicin Determination

“…However, its clinical activity is limited by acute cardiotoxicity [43]. Presently, doxorubicin is determined by liquid chromatography [44] and electrophoresis [45]. Being sensitive and selective, such conventional techniques cannot provide fast determination in point-of-care diagnostics format.…”

Fullerene as a doxorubicin nanotransporter for targeted breast cancer therapy: Capillary electrophoresis analysis

“…CE techniques with LIF detection are an accurate device for different drug analysis . CE was used to separate fullerenes, e.g., nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for separating three open‐cage fullerenes , and in the determination of therapeutic levels of DOX in real plasma samples . CE can be coupled with sensitive detection techniques, such as LIF detection , which overcomes the problem of low concentration .…”

Doxorubicin conjugated to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy

“…However, all the values fall below the peak concentration (8913.728 ng/mL) with the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) administration (8 mg/kg) of pristine DOX 57. The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL 58…”

“…57 The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL. 58 Table II shows the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pristine DOX and the conjugates, TPGS-DOX and TPGS-DOX-FOL. It can be seen that the half-life of the drug was 10.5 6 1.14 h for TPGS-DOX-FOL conjugate, 10.2 6 1.15 h for TPGS-DOX conjugate and 2.69 6 0.13 h for pristine DOX, which is in good agreement with the literature value.…”

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Poly(Azure B)-DNA Composite for Doxorubicin Determination

“…However, its clinical activity is limited by acute cardiotoxicity [43]. Presently, doxorubicin is determined by liquid chromatography [44] and electrophoresis [45]. Being sensitive and selective, such conventional techniques cannot provide fast determination in point-of-care diagnostics format.…”

Fullerene as a doxorubicin nanotransporter for targeted breast cancer therapy: Capillary electrophoresis analysis

“…CE techniques with LIF detection are an accurate device for different drug analysis . CE was used to separate fullerenes, e.g., nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for separating three open‐cage fullerenes , and in the determination of therapeutic levels of DOX in real plasma samples . CE can be coupled with sensitive detection techniques, such as LIF detection , which overcomes the problem of low concentration .…”

Doxorubicin conjugated to D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy

“…However, all the values fall below the peak concentration (8913.728 ng/mL) with the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) administration (8 mg/kg) of pristine DOX 57. The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL 58…”

“…57 The lowest effective level was also found from the literature to be 5.44 ng/mL. 58 Table II shows the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pristine DOX and the conjugates, TPGS-DOX and TPGS-DOX-FOL. It can be seen that the half-life of the drug was 10.5 6 1.14 h for TPGS-DOX-FOL conjugate, 10.2 6 1.15 h for TPGS-DOX conjugate and 2.69 6 0.13 h for pristine DOX, which is in good agreement with the literature value.…”

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Poly(Azure B)-DNA Composite for Doxorubicin Determination

“…However, its clinical activity is limited by acute cardiotoxicity [43]. Presently, doxorubicin is determined by liquid chromatography [44] and electrophoresis [45]. Being sensitive and selective, such conventional techniques cannot provide fast determination in point-of-care diagnostics format.…”

Fullerene as a doxorubicin nanotransporter for targeted breast cancer therapy: Capillary electrophoresis analysis

“…CE techniques with LIF detection are an accurate device for different drug analysis . CE was used to separate fullerenes, e.g., nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for separating three open‐cage fullerenes , and in the determination of therapeutic levels of DOX in real plasma samples . CE can be coupled with sensitive detection techniques, such as LIF detection , which overcomes the problem of low concentration .…”