Determination of anatoxin-a stability under certain abiotic factors

Kamiński, Ariel; Bober, Beata; Lechowski, Z.; Białçzyk, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2013.05.014

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast, a recent report showed that anatoxin-a is rather stable under different abiotic conditions and that it is not transformed into dihydroanatoxin-a under the conditions tested. 28 Our data support these findings, because we detected only a small amount of dihydroanatoxin-a (0.6% of the total anatoxins) in Oscillatoria sp. PCC 9107 and no dihydrohomoanatoxin-a in Oscillatoria sp.…”

Section: ■ Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dihydroanatoxin-a Is Biosynthesized from Proline in Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417: Isotopic Incorporation Experiments and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

et al. 2016

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LC-MS and GC-MS analytical conditions have been developed to detect the cis- and trans-epimers (relative configuration of the carbon bearing the acetyl or propionyl group) of dihydroanatoxin-a and dihydrohomoanatoxin-a, in biological samples. These compounds epimerize under acidic conditions, yielding a major species that was tentatively assigned as the cis-epimer. Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417 was definitively shown to produce dihydroanatoxin-a (1.2 mg/g dried cells). Oscillatoria sp. PCC 9107, Oscillatoria sp. PCC 6506, and C. stagnale PCC 7417, which produce anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, and dihydroanatoxin-a, respectively, were cultivated in the presence of isotopically labeled proline, and the toxins were extracted. Interpretation of the GC-MS electron ionization mass spectra of these labeled anatoxins showed that they are all biosynthesized from proline and that the positions of the labels in these molecules are identical. These data and the fact that the ana cluster of genes is conserved in these cyanobacteria suggest that dihydroanatoxin-a is formed by the reduction of either anatoxin-a or its precursor in a specific step involving AnaK, an F420-dependent oxido-reductase whose gene is found in the ana gene cluster in C. stagnale PCC 7417. This is the first report of a cyanobacterium producing dihydroanatoxin-a, suggesting that other producers are present in the environment.

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Section: ■ Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dihydroanatoxin-a Is Biosynthesized from Proline in Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417: Isotopic Incorporation Experiments and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

et al. 2016

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“…The source of VIS was a Tungsram 1000 W lamp (500 μmol m −2 s −1 flux). To eliminate heat effects the light signal was concentrated with an optical system and filtered as described by Kaminski et al (2013). For UV-B radiation two Philips TL 40 W/12 fluorescent tubes at 12 μmol m −2 s −1 , 18 μmol m −2 s −1 or 36 μmol m −2 s −1 flux were used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability of some microginins synthesized by the cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin

Bober

Kamiński

Chrapusta

et al. 2014

Phycological Research

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Summary Microginins are linear oligopeptides synthesized by cyanobacteria. The literature data on their characteristics are scant. This study examined the influence of abiotic factors including pH, temperature, visible and ultraviolet radiation on the stability of the microginins FR3 (MG‐FR3), FR4 (MG‐FR4) and 757 (MG‐757) synthesized by Woronichinia naegeliana. In alkaline conditions (pH 9) only the concentration of MG‐757 was reduced significantly, by 14.3%. The tested microginins were stable at room temperature (half‐life 7–17 weeks). Boiling for one hour caused 26.1% decomposition of MG‐FR4 and 26.8% decomposition of MG‐757; MG‐FR3 was not significantly affected. Under visible radiation the initial content of MG‐FR4 declined 23.0%, but MG‐FR3 and MG‐757 proved insensitive to it. Treatment with a high dose of UV radiation (36 μmol m−2 s−1) caused the tested microginins to degrade by 13.8% to 21.4%. The study showed these microginins to be oligopeptides of high stability, the most stable of them being MG‐FR3.

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“…Metabolites such as ATX have been determined to be unstable in the water column and degrade rapidly, independent of oxygen availability, under UV radiation and microbial activity [99,100]; thus its occurrence in sediments is unlikely. Conversely, the by-products of ATX conversion, such as dihydroATX and epoxyATX, are shown to be more stable (while much less toxic) than the parent compound [101].…”

Section: Future Research Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Study of Cyanotoxins in Paleolimnological Research: Current Knowledge and Future Needs

Henao

Rzymski

Waters

2019

Toxins

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Cyanobacterial metabolites are increasingly studied, in regards to their biosynthesis, ecological role, toxicity, and potential biomedical applications. However, the history of cyanotoxins prior to the last few decades is virtually unknown. Only a few paleolimnological studies have been undertaken to date, and these have focused exclusively on microcystins and cylindrospermopsins, both successfully identified in lake sediments up to 200 and 4700 years old, respectively. In this paper, we review direct extraction, quantification, and application of cyanotoxins in sediment cores, and put forward future research prospects in this field. Cyanobacterial toxin research is also compared to other paleo-cyanobacteria tools, such as sedimentary pigments, akinetes, and ancient DNA isolation, to identify the role of each tool in reproducing the history of cyanobacteria. Such investigations may also be beneficial for further elucidation of the biological role of cyanotoxins, particularly if coupled with analyses of other abiotic and biotic sedimentary features. In addition, we identify current limitations as well as future directions for applications in the field of paleolimnological studies on cyanotoxins. Key Contribution:This review provides updated information on paleolimnological studies of cyanotoxins and highlights their value for the understanding of the history and occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria, as well as understanding the potential environmental drivers of cyanotoxin production.Toxins 2020, 12, 6 2 of 15 of cylindrospermopsin production also exist [3]. These timescales imply that cyanobacterial toxins play ecological role(s) other than grazer defense, and that their toxicity towards zooplankton may only be an indirect effect of their production and release into the water column. Cyanotoxin biological function still remains a subject of debate and various hypotheses, derived mostly from experimental observations, on their potential intra-and extracellular roles have been put forward [1,[12][13][14].Like the ecological role of cyanobacterial metabolites, the environmental triggers causing toxin production lack definite identification in experimental and monitoring investigations. Nutrients, frequently associated with cultural eutrophication (nitrogen and phosphorus) in freshwaters, have been identified as key drivers of toxin production [15], but cyanobacteria in selected hypereutrophic systems do not produce cyanotoxins [1]. Nutrients that generally have less influence on trophic state in freshwater ecosystems, such as S and Fe, have also been associated with toxin occurrence [16], as have changes in N/P ratios [15]. Biological drivers, such as zooplankton grazing pressure and allelopathy [1], have been linked to cyanobacteria toxin production; along with abiotic factors, such as temperature and light intensity [17,18]. While recent genetic, experimental, and monitoring efforts have provided extensive knowledge of cyanobacterial metabolites, placing these data into a historic context and determining whether toxi...

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Determination of anatoxin-a stability under certain abiotic factors

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Dihydroanatoxin-a Is Biosynthesized from Proline in Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417: Isotopic Incorporation Experiments and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Dihydroanatoxin-a Is Biosynthesized from Proline in Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417: Isotopic Incorporation Experiments and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Stability of some microginins synthesized by the cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin

A Review on the Study of Cyanotoxins in Paleolimnological Research: Current Knowledge and Future Needs

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