Determination of  210 Pb,  210 Po,  226 Ra,  228 Ra and uranium isotopes in drinking water in order to comply with the requirements of the EU ‘Drinking Water Directive’

Matei, Vasile; Loots, H.; Jacobs, Karin; Verheyen, Leen; Sneyers, L.; Verrezen, F.; Bruggeman, M.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.076

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Depending on the extent of the contamination in the local environmental and our eating habits, this process occurs with varying degree of intensity. The activity concentration in drinking water is of the order of 0.5–48 mBq/L for 210 Po and around 1–40 mBq/L for 210 Pb [ 35 , 36 ]. In Poland, the mean values of 210 Po and 210 Pb concentration in drinking water (groundwater, mineral and bottled water) are about 0.51 mBq/L (ranging from 0.2 to 3.4 mBq/L) and 1.60 mBq/dm 3 (ranging from 0.5 to 10 mBq/L) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland

Boryło

Skwarzec

Wieczorek

2022

IJERPH

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This article contains and discusses the results of research on the source of polonium 210Po and radio-lead 210Pb in the human body of adults living in Poland. An adult inhabitant of Poland receives an effective annual radiation dose of 309 µSv from inhalation and absorption of 210Po and 210Pb. The main sources of both radionuclides in the body is cigarette and marijuana smoking. In terms of food, the consumption of fish, cereals, vegetables and fruit as well as mushrooms have the largest contribution to annual dose. This study highlights the importance of cigarette smoking and the growing importance of marijuana hash smoking as the main source of 210Po and 210Pb for adults living in Poland. The calculated dose that results from the decay of both radionuclides in body is 1/10 of the annual radiation dose received by a Polish inhabitant from natural sources (2.8 mSv) and is almost five times lower than the dose resulting from the inhalation of 222Rn.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland

Boryło

Skwarzec

Wieczorek

2022

IJERPH

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“…Generally, the activities of the studied radioisotopes are similar in Poland and other European countries. For example, the activity concentrations of 238 U, 234 U, and 210 Po in tap water samples from different locations in Belgium were in the ranges of 0.3-16.8, 0.4-22.7, and 0.2-3.1 mBq dm −3 , respectively [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of the activity and the average annual dose of absorbed uranium and polonium in drinking water from Warsaw

Sekudewicz

Gąsiorowski

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Uranium and polonium isotopes were measured in tap water and groundwater from the Warsaw area (Poland). The mean values of 210 Po, 234 U and 238 U in surface intakes were 0.12, 3.91 and 2.75 mBq dm −3 and for deep water intakes were 0.25, 0.24 and 0.20 mBq dm −3 , respectively. The annual dose absorbed as a result of the consumption of drinking water by a inhabitant was calculated on the basis of measurements of polonium and uranium activity. The calculated value is only a negligible part (approximately 0.02%) of the dose taken from natural sources, which is estimated at 2.4 mSv year −1 .

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“…Underground waters are important sources of drinking water worldwide. The necessity of implementing EU Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM led to increased demand for measurements of radon, as well as 226,228 Ra nuclides, in drinking water as potentially the main contributors to the total internal dose for the general public with regard to radioactive substances in water intended for human consumption (Gowing et al 2019 ; Vasile et al 2016 ). According to these recommendations, the so-called indicative reference value should not exceed 0.1 mSv per year (European Commission 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Bem

Długosz‐Lisiecka

Mazurek-Rudnicka

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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European Union Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM recently sets out so-called indicator parameters for: radon, tritium and indicative dose of water intended for human consumption. The aim of this research was to elaborate an effective procedure for determination of radon and radium 226,228Ra isotopes (which are potentially the main contributors to the internal dose from drinking and cooking water) and to find the possible relationships between these radionuclides in underground water reservoirs and 222Rn concentration in the soil gas in their vicinity. The research was performed by applying a non-volatile and water-immiscible scintillation cocktail based on a pure diisopropylnaphthalene (Ultima Gold F: UGF), which allow for efficient radon extraction from 0.5 dm3 of water samples to 20 cm3 of scintillation phase and its direct determination with a detection limit of 5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3. The further preliminary concentration of 3 dm3 of crude water samples by evaporation to 0.5 dm3 samples led to the removal of all unsupported 222Rn activity and allowed the 226Ra determination via equivalent 222Rn detection after one-month samples storage using a low-background Triathler liquid scintillation counter in the α/β separation counting mode. Together with determination of 226Ra isotope in water samples, the simultaneous measurements of 228Ra and 222Rn radionuclides concentrations in water as well as 222Rn activity in the soil gas around the water supply sites were performed. The achieved limit of 226Ra detection was at a very low level of 10–3 Bq dm−3. The measured values of 226Ra concentration in 50 public underground water supply units for the Kalisz district of Poland were relatively low and ranged from below detection limit to 28.5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3 with arithmetic mean and median values of 12.9 and 12.2 × 10–3 Bq dm−3, respectively. Weak correlations were observed between activity concentrations of 226Ra and 222Rn in the crude water samples (R2 = 0.31) and 222Rn in water and its concentration in the nearby soil gas (R2 = 0.48).

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Determination of 210 Pb, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 228 Ra and uranium isotopes in drinking water in order to comply with the requirements of the EU ‘Drinking Water Directive’

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland

Sources of Polonium 210Po and Radio-Lead 210Pb in Human Body in Poland

Determination of the activity and the average annual dose of absorbed uranium and polonium in drinking water from Warsaw

Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

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