Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Ghana: Evidence from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Nyaaba, Albert Apotele; Tanle, Augustine; Kobina, Louis Kobina; Ayamga, Matthew

doi:10.21106/ijtmrph.161

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In fact, women who attained Primary/JHS/Middle education were 60% less likely to experience an under-five death compared to those with no education. These findings are consistent with empirical literature in Ghana and other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. and shows that women empowerment remains an important goal and, a means to attaining significant reductions in child mortality in Ghana and Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Achana,

Tanle,

Doku

2023

Preprint

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BackgroundEight years to the set deadline for the 2030 SDGs, child mortality remains a major health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Child survival is greatly influenced by household circumstances and mother’s healthcare choices. Notwithstanding tremendous investment in women empowerment in Ghana, there is limited empirical evidence on whether women’s autonomy translates into better child mortality outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association between women’s autonomy and neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana.MethodsData were obtained from a randomized cluster household survey among 15-49 years old women in seven districts in the Upper East Region. Data analysis was restricted to 3,243 women who reported ever having given birth. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we constructed an autonomy index categorized into least, moderate, and high autonomy based on responses to six questions regarding household decision-making. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association of women’s autonomy status and mortality outcomes.ResultsAttaining secondary education or higher was significantly associated with infant mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.39, CI= 0.16, 0.94) and under-five mortality (aOR= 0.39, CI= 0.18-0.87). Also, maternal age was significantly associated with neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality, while living in rural setting was significantly associated with lower risk of neonatal (aOR= 0.38, CI=0.19-0.75) and under-five (aOR= 0.63, CI= 0.48-0.83) mortality. However, we found that compared to women with least autonomy, infants of those with moderate autonomy (aOR= 1.76, CI 1.07-2.89) and high autonomy (aOR= 1.75; CI= 1.04- 2.93) were significantly more likely to die.ConclusionIn this study setting, women’s autonomy was not predictive of child mortality. Interventions that aim to improve child mortality should pay attention to community and family level factors that promote increase utilization of essential early childhood interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Achana,

Tanle,

Doku

2023

Preprint

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“…Some scholars (Abu et al, 2015;Afoakwah et al, 2015Afoakwah et al, , 2018Bigdeli et al, 2020;Chowdhury, 2013;DaVanzo et al, 1983;Florey et al, 2017;Kanmiki et al, 2014;Kerber et al, 2007;Nyaaba et al, 2020;Pyone et al, 2017;Worku et al, 2021) have attempted to assess some determinants of U5 mortality in countries in recent years. For instance, mothers' age at birth, place of delivery, sex of the baby, baby size or weight at birth, and breastfeeding were significant determinants of U5 mortality.…”

Section: Some Empirical Evidence On U5 Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kanmiki et al (2014) show that mothers' age, educational level, and marital status affect U5 mortality in rural northern Ghana. Nyaaba et al (2020) investigate the strength of the linkage between socio-economic, maternal, and environmental determinants and mortality in Ghana using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The results show that children of women with secondary education and above and women with middle-wealth status are less likely to experience U5 deaths than women with no education and those with low-wealth status.…”

Section: Some Empirical Evidence On U5 Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Children U5 Mortality due to Malaria in Ghana

Amoako,

Potůček,

Verter

2023

EJSD

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Sustainable development cannot be fulfilled without developing an effective health sector to address health-related issues among children, especially in underdeveloped countries like Ghana. Malaria, in particular, has been identified as a significant disease and cause of death among children under five years of age (U5) in Ghana, although it has drastically reduced in recent years. Against this background, this paper attempts to assess some factors that may have determined the development of U5 mortality due to malaria in Ghana using time series data from 2000-2019. The OLS regression results indicate that domestic government health expenditure, clean drinking water and insecticide-treated nets have a negative connection with children U5 mortality due to malaria in the country. The findings also show a weak positive relationship between malaria infection prevalence and U5 mortality from malaria. Contrary to prior expectations, the results reveal a negative relationship between low birth weight, overweight, stunted, and children U5 mortality from malaria infection. The study concludes that addressing malaria cases among children U5 would greatly depend on building and sustaining resource redistribution through strategic policy, reliable funding, and effective health institutions to tackle malaria incidence and deaths among U5 in the country. Keywords: healthcare, health expenditure, ITNs, malaria, potable water, U5 mortality

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“…to end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age by 2030), 122 out of 195 countries have attained this target since 2019, and 20 nations have a high potential of achieving it by 2030, while 53 countries will need to intensify efforts to meet this target by 2030 [4]. Ghana is experiencing slow but steady progress towards this target through the provision of Community-based Health Planning and Service (CHPS) compounds, National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and improved access to potable drinking water and sanitation [11][12][13]. However, under-five mortality is still a major concern in the country, with 45 deaths per 1000 live births as of 2020 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, several studies examined the relationship between under-five mortality and factors such as individual and community determinants, socio-economic and demographic determinants, social and environmental risk factors [9,[19][20][21]. Other researchers have also employed data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) to examine the determinants of under-five mortality [9,13,17,21]. Despite these important studies, what has not been examined is how geography, as a determinant of health, affects the timing to under-five mortality in Ghana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic disparities in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana

Mohammed,

Abubakari,

Amoak

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Globally, there has been tremendous advancement in medicine and child healthcare with increased life expectancy. That notwithstanding, the risk of under-five mortality ─ children dying before their fifth birthday remains relatively high in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Ghana. In Ghana, under-five mortality remains a major public health problem that requires significant policy interventions. Using data from the 2017 Maternal Health Survey (n = 4785), we examined the geographic disparities in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana. The Kaplan Meier estimator showed significant (Log-rank: p< 0.001) rural-urban differences in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana. A disaggregated cox proportional hazards analysis showed that despite wide consensus that children in urban areas have a high survival rate, children in urban areas in northern regions of Ghana, especially the Upper West (HR = 4.40, p < 0.05) and Upper East (HR = 5.37, p < 0.01) Regions were significantly at increased risk of dying before the age of five compared to children in urban areas in the Greater Accra Region. A rural-urban comparison showed that children born in rural areas in all the other regions of Ghana were at a higher risk of dying before the age of five when compared to their counterparts in the rural areas of Greater Accra Region. Other factors such as sex of child, mothers’ age and use of the internet, number of household members, ethnicity and household wealth were significantly associated with the timing of under-five mortality in Ghana. Healthcare policies and programs such as immunizations and affordable child healthcare services should be prioritized especially in rural areas of regions with a high risk of child mortality. Also, there is a need to improve healthcare delivery in urban areas, particularly in northern Ghana, where deplorable healthcare service infrastructure and delivery coupled with high poverty rates put children at risk of dying before their fifth birthday.

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Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Ghana: Evidence from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Determinants of Children U5 Mortality due to Malaria in Ghana

Geographic disparities in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana

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