Determinants of monovalent oral polio vaccine mutagenesis in vaccinated elderly people

Boot, Hein J.; Sonsma, J. A. J.; Nunen, Femke van; Abbink, Frithjofna; Kimman, Tjeerd G.; Buisman, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.007

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The majority of these AD isolates appeared to be derived from the mOPV1 challenge dose provided at the age of 28 days. Replacement of lysine 60 in the VP3 capsid region, as described by previous studies, explains the AD character observed in this study (3,42). This residue is located in the loop of antigenic site III and is also involved in the interaction between the virus and the cellular receptor CD155 (2,22).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The PCR products were purified according to the manufacturer's protocol for the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, 2002) and were sequenced using a fluorescence-labeled dideoxynucleotide technology from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA) with forward primer Y7 and reverse primer Q8. The VP2 and VP3 regions of selected P1 isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced by the procedures described above using primers 3F2 (5Ј-GAG CCC ATC AAG GAT GTC C-3Ј) and n5R (5Ј-CCT AGG ATC TGA AGC TGG-3Ј) for VP2 and primers 5F (5Ј-ATA TCT YAC TGC AGA CAA-3Ј), n6R (5Ј-TGACCTAACCCCTGTGCT-3Ј), 6F (5Ј-CTCATGTACTATGGTAGT-3Ј), and 7R (5Ј-CACTTGATTTAAGGCAT G-3Ј) for VP3 (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shedding of Vaccine Viruses with Increased Antigenic and Genetic Divergence after Vaccination of Newborns with Monovalent Type 1 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

Sanden

Pallansch

Kassteele

et al. 2009

J Virol

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For the final stages in the eradication of poliovirus type 1 (P1), the World Health Organization advocates the selective use of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV1). To compare the immunogenicity of mOPV1 with that of trivalent OPV (tOPV) in infants, a study was performed in Egypt in 2005. Newborns were vaccinated with mOPV1 or tOPV immediately after birth and were challenged with mOPV1 after 1 month. Vaccination with mOPV1 at birth resulted in significantly higher seroconversion against P1 viruses and lower excretion of P1 viruses than vaccination with tOPV. Intratypic differentiation of the viruses shed by the newborns revealed the presence of remarkably high numbers of antigenically divergent (AD) P1 isolates, especially in the mOPV1 study group. The majority of these AD P1 isolates (71%) were mOPV1 challenge derived and were shed by newborns who did not seroconvert to P1 after the birth dose. Genetic characterization of the viruses revealed that amino acid 60 of the VP3 region was mutated in all AD P1 isolates. Isolates with substitution of residue 99 of the VP1 region had significantly higher numbers of nonsynonymous mutations in the VP1 region than isolates without this substitution and were preferentially shed in the mOPV1 study group. The widespread use of mOPV1 has proven to be a powerful tool for fighting poliovirus circulation in the remaining areas of endemicity. This study provides another justification for the need to achieve high vaccination coverage in order to prevent the circulation of AD strains.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding of Vaccine Viruses with Increased Antigenic and Genetic Divergence after Vaccination of Newborns with Monovalent Type 1 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

Sanden

Pallansch

Kassteele

et al. 2009

J Virol

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“…In the seronegative groups, the mean duration of virus excretion was significant longer (P Ͻ .01) after mOPV-3 challenge than after mOPV-1 challenge (mean Ϯ SD, 20 Ϯ 16 and 13 Ϯ 12 days, respectively). This finding was reported recently, along with all individual virus titers [21]. The sum of the mean virus (SN-1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Prechallenge samples were collected from blood and saliva; subsequently, saliva and stool samples were obtained on days 3,7,14,21,28,35,42,49, and 56 after challenge, and blood samples were obtained on days 7, 28, and 56. Participants signed an informed-consent form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preexisting Poliovirus‐Specific IgA in the Circulation Correlates with Protection against Virus Excretion in the Elderly

et al. 2008

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“…on May 11, 2018 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ infectivities of isolates were measured in parallel by titration at 36°C and 40°C on L20B cells (7,42). Following inoculation, the 96-well plates were sealed in plastic bags and submerged in a water bath at the specified temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses from Wastewater in a Country Using Inactivated Polio Vaccine

Zurbriggen

Tobler

Abril

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The global polio eradication initiative was launched in 1988. Substantive progress has been made toward this goal, but further work is still required (11,12,21,29). Successful eradication of the cause of an infectious disease, exemplified by that of Variola virus, has at least four fundamental requirements: (i) absence of an animal reservoir; (ii) effective vaccines and, in the case of liveattenuated viruses, genetically stable vaccines; (iii) absence of long-term virus carriers; and (iv) sensitive tools to detect the presence of the causal agent. In the case of poliovirus eradication, these requirements have not been completely met. The basic strategy of the polio eradication initiative involves achieving high levels of routine immunization, mass vaccination, supplementary mop-up immunization activity, and poliovirus surveillance based on virological investigation of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases (51, 56). There are two effective vaccines: inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), originally developed by Jonas Salk and colleagues, and the live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) of Albert Sabin (39). Both vaccines provide effective protection from poliomyelitis. However, IPV induces less mucosal immunity in the gut than OPV, a prerequisite for reducing intestinal reinfection, virus shedding, and transmission to susceptible contacts (33,37,41,44,45). OPV, which better protects from infection, suffers from other inadequacies that complicate the ongoing initiative (11,12,21,29). One inadequacy is the emergence of virulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) upon long-term replication in immunodeficient persons (iVDPV) or following sustained circulation in populations with immunity gaps (cVDPV). Ambiguous VDPVs, such as environmental isolates, represent a category of virulent polioviruses that cannot easily be assigned to iVDPV or cVDPV (29). Additional challenges for the initiative are poorly understood deficiencies in vaccine efficacy (24) and the low clinical attack rate following infection with virulent polioviruses (Յ1:100 paralytic case/infections). This calls for specific and sensitive virus-tracking tools. AFP surveillance is presently the gold standard for meeting those requirements (56).The three serotypes of poliovirus are members of the family Picornaviridae (20,40,55,61). The viruses possess a singlestranded RNA genome of approximately 7,400 nucleotides (nt). Upon infection, the genomic RNA is translated as a polyprotein, which is then processed by proteases into functional proteins. The structural proteins are located within the N-terminal P1 region and the nonstructural proteins within the succeeding P2 and P3 regions of the polyprotein. Similar to some other RNA viruses, the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is error prone and lacks proofreading activity. This results in a high mutation frequency for these viruses. The molecular evolution of polioviruses is characterized by selective propagation of virus variants that are generated through mutations and heterotypic or intragenus recombination...

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Determinants of monovalent oral polio vaccine mutagenesis in vaccinated elderly people

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Shedding of Vaccine Viruses with Increased Antigenic and Genetic Divergence after Vaccination of Newborns with Monovalent Type 1 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

Shedding of Vaccine Viruses with Increased Antigenic and Genetic Divergence after Vaccination of Newborns with Monovalent Type 1 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

Preexisting Poliovirus‐Specific IgA in the Circulation Correlates with Protection against Virus Excretion in the Elderly

Isolation of Sabin-Like Polioviruses from Wastewater in a Country Using Inactivated Polio Vaccine

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