Determinants of dust and endotoxin exposure of pig farmers: Development of a control strategy using empirical modelling

Preller, Liesbeth

doi:10.1016/0003-4878(95)00024-9

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is in accordance with the association found between automated feeding systems and chronic symptoms in our former study [49] and with the slightly lower lung function for farmers with automated systems found in that study and earlier by Bongers and co workers [9]. In another part of our study [37] we showed that wet feeding is associated with lower exposure to dust, as reported also by Attwood and coworkers [2]. Both in this and former studies, there is evidence that the combination of automation with dry feed is associated with adverse health effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…They were considered to be consistently asymptomatic. Ninety-eight of the consistently symptomatic and 100 of the con sistently asymptomatic were randomly selected for a follow-up programme that included measurements of environmental and personal exposure in their own confinement units [37]. AH worked at least 5 h per day in pig farming.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers

Vogelzang

Gulden

Preller

et al. 1997

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Please be advised that this information was generated on 2018-05-09 and may be subject to change.Int Arch Occiip Environ Health (1997) Abstract Objective: To study the effect of exposure on bronchial responsiveness in pig farmers. Method: A group of 196 pig farmers were tested for lung function and bronchial responsiveness to histamine in the sum mer of 1992. To achieve sufficient contrast in respira tory morbidity and exposure, 96 of the farmers were selected because they had chronic respiratory symp toms and the remaining 100 because they were free from any respiratory symptoms. Personal exposure to dust, endotoxins and ammonia was measured during 1 working day in the summer of 1991 and 1 day in the winter of 1992. Data on farm characteristics were gathered in the same period. Results: After adjusting for age and smoking behaviour, mild bronchial re sponsiveness, defined as PCi0 ^ 16 mg/ml, was asso ciated with the use of quaternary ammonium com pounds as disinfectant [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 6.7, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.4-32.8], use of wood-shavings as bedding (POR 13.3, Cl 1.3-136.7), use of automated dry feeding (POR 2.8, Cl 1.0-7.8), use of pellets as feeding material (POR 4.8, Cl L I-21.1) and location of air exhaust via pit or roof in the confinement units (POR 2.7, CI 1.2-6.3). The associa- tion with the use of disinfectants other than quaternary ammonium compounds was not significant (POR 2.4,. No associations between bronchial re sponsiveness and measured exposure to dust, endo toxins or ammonia were discernible. Conclusion: Pro tective measures, designed to prevent airway disease in confinement farming, should be based on information about the operational and other characteristics of farms that are related to high exposure and health ef fects. Specifically, the use of quaternary ammonium compounds as disinfectant, the use of wood-shavings as bedding and the use of automated dry feeding should be discouraged.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers

Vogelzang

Gulden

Preller

et al. 1997

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…In addition to bedding materials, exposure levels in this study to some extent might likely be influenced by other potential determinants that we did not include, such as climatic conditions on the measuring days, type of ventilation and ventilation rate, methods and intervals on cleaning, and sampling season as suggested elsewhere. 3,6,30 The variability of exposure levels between workers and within workers over time were high in our study, consistent with findings from previous studies. 1,4,7,19 Final exposure models in this study explained a significant proportion of between-worker variability for inhalable dust, endotoxin, and b(1-3)-glucan levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The main explanation for within-worker exposure variability could be task rotations over time as previous studies demonstrated some associations between specific tasks (e.g., feeding and sweeping) performed and elevated exposure levels to dust and endotoxin. 3,4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal barns, applied bedding materials might be a significant source of bio-aerosol exposure. 3,7 Different types of bedding materials are applied, largely determined by the type of animal species which is housed, for example, pigs are mostly housed on bare concrete and slatted floors, whereas dairy cows are housed on either deep litter straw yards or on concrete, often slatted, floors in combination with cubicles that are bedded with deep litter bedding such as sawdust, rubber mattresses, or rubber mats. Compost, produced from municipal green and vegetable waste, is recently introduced as a new bedding material for cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of bedding materials on bio-aerosol exposure in dairy barns

Samadi

Eerdenburg

Jamshidifard

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Bio-aerosol is a well-known cause of respiratory diseases. Exposure to bio-aerosols has been reported previously in dairy barns, but little is known about the sources of bio-aerosol. Bedding materials might be a significant source or substrate for bio-aerosol exposure. The aim of this study was to explore bio-aerosol exposure levels and its determinants in dairy barns with various bedding materials. Dust samples were collected at dairy barns using various bedding materials. Samples were analyzed for endotoxin and b(1-3)-glucan contents. Culturable bacteria and fungi were sampled by the Anderson N6 impactor. Exposure models were constructed using linear mixed models. The personal exposure levels to dust, endotoxin, and b(1-3)-glucan differed significantly between the barns utilizing diverse main bedding types (Po0.05), with the highest levels (GM: dust, 1.38 mg/m 3 ; endotoxin, 895 EU/m 3 ; b(1-3)-glucan, 7.84 mg/m 3 ) in barns with compost bedding vs the lowest in barns with sawdust bedding (GM: dust, 0.51 mg/m 3 ; endotoxin, 183 EU/m 3 ; b(1-3)-glucan, 1.11 mg/m 3 ). The exposure levels were also highly variable, depending on various extra bedding materials applied. Plant materials, particularly straw, utilized for bedding appeared to be a significant source for b(1-3)-glucan. Compost was significantly associated with elevated exposure levels. Between-worker variances of exposure were highly explained by determinants of exposure like type of bedding materials and milking by robot, whereas determinants could explain to lesser extent the within-worker variances. Exposure levels to endotoxin, b(1-3)-glucan, bacteria, and fungi in dairy barns were substantial and differed depending on bedding materials, suggesting bedding material types as a significant predictor of bio-aerosol exposure.

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Exposure Assessment for Pesticides in Epidemiological Studies

Heederik¹,

Teschke²

2005

Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for Pesticides

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Determinants of dust and endotoxin exposure of pig farmers: Development of a control strategy using empirical modelling

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers

The influence of bedding materials on bio-aerosol exposure in dairy barns

Exposure Assessment for Pesticides in Epidemiological Studies

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