“…Yeast symbionts exhibit a pivotal role in the adaptation mechanism of insect herbivores to different food habitats (Ferrater et al., 2013; Lai et al., 2022) where they assist in acquiring better nutrition, digestion, and defence against insect parasitoids (Edde, 2019). Cigarette beetle are in close association with yeast symbionts and the symbiont aids in host beetle ability to survive on diverse food sources (Martinson, 2020).…”