Detection of West Nile Viral RNA from an Overwintering Pool of &lt;I&gt;Culex pipens pipiens&lt;/I&gt; (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003

Farajollahi, Ary; Crans, W. J.; Bryant, Patricia; Wolf, Bruce; Burkhalter, Kristen L.; Godsey, Marvin S.; Aspen, Stephen; Nasci, Roger S.

doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0490:downvr]2.0.co;2

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our vertical transmission rate of 4.5% is similar to a previous laboratory study using Cx. pipiens that reported a VTR of 5% 67 and our MFIR of 1.2 WNV infected progeny per 1,000 tested was similar to both field 23 and laboratory 22 studies done with Cx. pipiens females from the eastern United States.…”

Section: Wolbachiasupporting

confidence: 85%

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Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Nelms

Kothera

Thiemann

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The vector competence and bionomics of Culex pipiens form pipiens L. and Cx. pipiens f. molestus Forskäl were evaluated for populations from the Sacramento Valley. Both f. pipiens and f. molestus females became infected, produced disseminated infections, and were able to transmit West Nile virus. Form molestus females also transmitted West Nile virus vertically to egg rafts and F1 progeny, whereas f. pipiens females only transmitted to egg rafts. Culex pipiens complex from urban Sacramento blood-fed on seven different avian species and two mammalian species. Structure analysis of blood-fed mosquitoes identified K = 4 genetic clusters: f. molestus, f. pipiens, a group of genetically similar hybrids (Cluster X), and admixed individuals. When females were exposed as larvae to midwinter conditions in bioenvironmental chambers, 85% (N = 79) of aboveground Cx. pipiens complex females and 100% (N = 34) of underground f. molestus females did not enter reproductive diapause.

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Section: Wolbachiasupporting

confidence: 85%

“…quinquefasciatus. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The ability of f. molestus populations to vertically transmit WNV has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Nelms

Kothera

Thiemann

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In addition, WNV has been isolated from overwintering Culex adults in the Þeld (Nasci et al 2001, Bugbee and Forte 2004, Farajollahi et al 2005, Andreadis et al 2010, Unlu et al 2010. Because females destined for diapause purportedly do not blood feed (Mitchell and Briegel 1989), these Þndings suggest that vertical transmission of WNV must occur repeatedly in natural populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Natural Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by California <I>Culex</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes

et al. 2013

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Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes, the primary summer vectors of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV), also may serve as overwintering reservoir hosts. Detection of WN viral RNA from larvae hatched from eggs deposited by infected females during late summer and fall may provide evidence for the vertical passage of WNV to overwintering cohorts. To determine whether vertical transmission to the overwintering generation occurs in populations of Culex mosquitoes throughout California, larvae from naturally infected females were tested by family for WN viral RNA by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction during August through October 2011. Viral RNA was detected in 34 of 934 Culex tarsalis Coquillett and Cx. pipiens complex females that laid viable egg rafts. From these egg rafts, Þrst-instar larvae from nine families tested positive, yielding an overall Þeld vertical transmission rate of 26% (n ϭ 34). To determine whether the WNV may be lost transtadially during development to the adult stage, Þrst-instar larvae and adult progeny from experimentally infected Cx. pipiens complex females were assessed for the presence and quantity of WN viral RNA. Most (Ϸ75%) WNV infections were lost from positive families during larval development to the adult stage. In Þeld and laboratory studies, only infected mothers with mean cycle threshold scores Յ20 vertically transmitted WNV to larval progeny, adult progeny, or both. In summary, vertical transmission of WNV was detected repeatedly in naturally infected Culex mosquitoes collected throughout California during late summer and fall, with females having high titered infections capable of passing WNV onto their progeny destined for overwintering.

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“…quinquefasciatus from laboratory (Goddard et al, 2003) or field (Reisen et al, 2006b) studies. Although the accuracy of our estimate is limited by our molecular approach (Nasci et al, 2001;Farajollahi et al, 2005) and small sample size, it provides some evidence of vertical transmission and suggests a possible overwintering mechanism in Hawai`i for virus at higher elevations where adult mosquitoes occur seasonally (LaPointe, 2000;Ahumada et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussioǹmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental Infection of Hawai`i `Amakihi (Hemignathus Virens) With West Nile Virus and Competence of a Co-Occurring Vector, Culex Quinquefasciatus: Potential Impacts on Endemic Hawaiian Avifauna

LaPointe

Hofmeister

Atkinson

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Introduced mosquito-borne avian disease is a major limiting factor in the recovery and restoration of native Hawaiian forest birds. Annual epizootics of avian pox (Avipoxvirus) and avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) likely led to the extinction of some species and continue to impact populations of susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae). The introduction of a novel pathogen, such as West Nile virus (WNV), could result in further population declines and extinctions. During September and October 2004, we infected Hawai`i`Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) with a North American isolate of WNV by needle inoculation and mosquito bite to observe susceptibility, mortality, and illness in this endemic passerine, and to determine the vector competence of the co-occurring, introduced mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. All experimentally infected Hawai`i`Amakihi became viremic, with a mean titer .10 5 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ ml, and they experienced clinical signs ranging from anorexia and lethargy to ataxia. The fatality rate among needle-inoculated Hawai`i`Amakihi (n516) was 31.3%, but mortality in free-ranging birds is likely to increase due to predation, starvation, thermal stress, and concomitant infections of avian malaria and pox. Surviving Hawai`i`Amakihi seem to clear WNV from the peripheral blood by 7-10 days postinfection (DPI), and neutralizing antibodies were detected from 9 to 46 DPI. In transmission trials, Hawaiian Cx. quinquefasciatus proved to be a competent vector and Hawai`ì Amakihi an adequate amplification host of WNV, suggesting that epizootic WNV could readily become an additional limiting factor of some native Hawaiian bird populations.

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Detection of West Nile Viral RNA from an Overwintering Pool of <I>Culex pipens pipiens</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Experimental and Natural Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by California <I>Culex</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes

Experimental Infection of Hawai`i `Amakihi (Hemignathus Virens) With West Nile Virus and Competence of a Co-Occurring Vector, Culex Quinquefasciatus: Potential Impacts on Endemic Hawaiian Avifauna

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