Detection of Volatile Aroma Compounds of Morchella by Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS)

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Horticulture Department of Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey, in 2010 to determine the volatile aroma compounds of Morchella mushroom. Fresh samples of Morchella esculenta (Sample 1) and Morchella elata (Sample 2) were collected from Çanakkale (Sample 1) and Mersin (Sample 2) provinces in Turkey in the spring of 2010. Volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). A total of 31 aroma compounds were identified in the 2 analyzed samples: 7 alcohols, 7 esters, 7 ketones, 3 acids, 2 aldehydes, 1 terpene, phenol, 1-propanamine, geranyl linalool, and quinoline. Seventeen aroma components were identified in Sample 1, and 18 compounds were found in Sample 2. Phenol was determined as the major aroma compound in both Sample 1 and Sample 2, at 50.888% and 58.293% content, respectively. Alcohols, especially 1-octen-3-ol, were detected as the second major aroma components in Sample 1 and Sample 2, at 15.500% and 5.660% content, respectively. Carbamic acid, methyl ester was found only in Sample 1, at 11.379% content. The aroma components detected in the two samples differed. 1-Octadecanol; cyclooctylalcohol; trans-2-undecen-1-ol; butanoic acid, butyl ester (CAS); carbamic acid, methyl ester; 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoate; phthalic acid, decyl isobutyl ester; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate; decanal; nonanal; 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4.5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione; 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione; 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl); and trans-alpha-bisabolene were detected only in Sample 1. Ethanol; silanediol, 2-methylaminoethanol; L-alanine, ethyl ester; carbonic acid, dodecyl isobutyl ester; acetic acid; butanoic acid; 2,3,4H-pyran-4-one; 5,9-undecadien-2-one; cyclooctene; 2-cyclopenten-1-one; 1-propanamine; geranyl linalool; and quinoline were determined only in Sample 2.

Aroma‐volatile profile of black morel (Morchella importuna) grown in Israel

“…Nonanal was the most abundant aldehyde, with 7.2% of the area of total volatiles (33% of aldehydes), whereas Z ‐9,17‐octadecadienal, benzeneacetaldehyde, E , E ‐2,4‐heptadienal, benzaldehyde, hexanal and 3‐methylbutanal ranged between 1.3 and 2.7%, and peak areas of heptanal, 2‐heptenal, octanal, E , E ‐2,4‐nonadienal, 2‐decenal ( Z ‐ and E ‐ isomers co‐eluted), benzeneacetaldehyde‐α‐ethylidene and E , E ‐2,4‐decadienal were 0.7% to trace amounts. Only two aldehydes were identified in a previous report on morel aroma: decanal and nonanal . Of these, only nonanal could be identified in our samples (Table ).…”

“…Identified methyl esters for Morchella included nine C6–C16 aliphatic esters, as well as one aromatic ester, methyl benzoate (Table ). No methyl esters have ever been recorded in morels, although these compounds have been identified as important to the aroma of other mushrooms …”

“…By contrast, despite the highly appreciated aroma of morel mushrooms, only a limited number of publications have analyzed their aromatic compounds . The most recent work by Taskin et al .…”

“…By contrast, despite the highly appreciated aroma of morel mushrooms, only a limited number of publications have analyzed their aromatic compounds . The most recent work by Taskin et al . compared the volatile profiles of two species, Morchella esculenta and Morchella elata , collected from two different provinces in Turkey, using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of fresh samples.…”

Anuran skin and basking behavior: The case of the treefrogBokermannohyla alvarengai(Bokermann, 1956)

“…Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the main lipid components in the skin secretion of Bokermannohyla alvarengai are saturated fatty acids. Nine of the eleven main peaks revealed in the analysis seem to be components of the skin secretion; the remaining two, i.e., Peak 3 (phthalic acid, decyl methyl ester) and Peak 8 [1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2‐methylpropyl) ester], are common components of plants (Taskin, ; Vimalavady and Kadavul, ) and are probably contaminants resulting from the preparation of the samples. One of the most abundant lipid molecules found in the skin secretion of B. alvarengai is sphenol, 2,4‐bis(1,1‐dimethyl)‐ (Peak 2), which is a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of UV stabilizers or antioxidants.…”