Detection of viable Mycobacterium leprae in soil samples: Insights into possible sources of transmission of leprosy

Lavania, Mallika; Katoch, Kiran; Katoch, Vishwa Mohan; Gupta, Anuj; Chauhan, Deepika; Sharma, Rahul; Gandhi, Rashi; Chauhan, Varsha; Bansal, Gurpreet; Sachan, Pawan; Sachan, Shailendra; Yadav, V. S.; Jadhav, R. S.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.007

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Bangladesh, up to 75% of patients do not report contact with leprosy patients and, in Malawi, southern Africa, this was true for 85% of all cases. Perhaps the presence of bacillus in the environment or in asymptomatic carriers may help to explain such cases (de Wit et al 1993, Fine et al 1997, Matsuoka et al 1999, Richardus et al 2005, Lavania et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leprae has previously been identified in water, plants, in the soil of endemic areas and in wild animals such as one armadillo species (Dasypus novemcinctus), which even demonstrates specific skin lesions. A North American study demonstrated the transmission of leprosy among such animals, reporting a prevalence of up to 19% among armadillos from that region (Matsuoka et al 1999, Chakrabarty & Dastidar 2001, Paige et al 2002, Truman 2005, Deps et al 2008, Lavania et al 2008.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Armadillo meat intake was not associated with leprosy in a case control study, Curitiba (Brazil)

Schmitt

Dechandt

Dopke

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Armadillo meat intake was not associated with leprosy in a case control study, Curitiba (Brazil)

Schmitt

Dechandt

Dopke

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In addition, it reveals that the M. leprae genotype present in the collected water samples is the same as that found in the lesions of leprosy patients. Previous studies with environmental samples have also shown the presence of M. leprae DNA with varying positivity percentages: from 24 to 47.7% in water 8,15 ; 33.3%, 34.3%, and 37.5% in soil samples from the peridomicile of leprosy patients 9,10,16 ; and 21% in armadillos from endemic regions in Ceará 17 . CDERM: Dona Libânia National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology; IRR: incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The standard curve was generated using a ten-fold dilution series (ranging from 10 to 10 9 copies/reaction) of plasmid pIDTBlue16SrRNAMleprae (Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., San Diego, USA), which contains a 171-bp fragment of the M. leprae 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene 10 . Other mycobacteria species and non-mycobacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium sp., Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) were also included as controls.…”

Section: Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted by Desikan and Sreevatsa 7 demonstrated the viability of M. leprae outside the human body under several unfavorable environmental conditions. In addition, the presence of M. leprae in water 8 , soil from villages where the disease is endemic 9 , and in the soil from the peridomicile of patients have also been reported 10 . Similarly, the viability of the bacillus within protozoan Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Holanda

Marques

Macedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: This study quantified Mycobacterium leprae bacilli in environmental water samples from five municipalities in the State of Ceará by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compared the identified genotypes with those obtained from leprosy patient biopsies. Methods: We collected five replicas from each of the 30 selected reservoirs and skin lesion biopsies from 25 new leprosy cases treated at a reference center in Fortaleza, Ceará from 2010 to 2013. The 16S rRNA gene region of M. leprae was amplified by qPCR and a standard curve was created with the pIDTBlue 16SrRNAMlep plasmid. The Juazeiro do Norte water samples and the biopsies were genotyped (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 1 to 4) and the SNP 4 genotypes were subtyped. Results: Of the 149 water samples analyzed, 54.4% were positive for the M. leprae DNA. The M. leprae bacilli copy number ranged from 1.42 × 10 -1 to 1.44 × 10 + 2 . Most biopsies showed SNP type 4 (64%), while all samples from Juazeiro do Norte were SNP type 4, with subtype 4-N appearing at the highest frequency. Conclusions: We suggest that environmental waters containing M. leprae bacilli play an important role in disease transmission, justifying PGL-1 seropositivity in individuals living in areas where there is no reported case, and in leprosy cases individuals who report no previous contact with other case. Therefore, further investigation is needed to clarify disease transmission in this region and to explore the role of the environment. We also suggest that in this area surveillance for leprosy cases should be intensified.

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Tuberculosis and leprosy in perspective

Stone

Wilbur

Buikstra

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Two of humankind's most socially and psychologically devastating diseases, tuberculosis and leprosy, have been the subject of intensive paleopathological research due to their antiquity, a presumed association with human settlement and subsistence patterns, and their propensity to leave characteristic lesions on skeletal and mummified remains. Despite a long history of medical research and the development of effective chemotherapy, these diseases remain global health threats even in the 21st century, and as such, their causative agents Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae, respectively, have recently been the subject of molecular genetics research. The new genome-level data for several mycobacterial species have informed extensive phylogenetic analyses that call into question previously accepted theories concerning the origins and antiquity of these diseases. Of special note is the fact that all new models are in broad agreement that human TB predated that in other animals, including cattle and other domesticates, and that this disease originated at least 35,000 years ago and probably closer to 2.6 million years ago. In this work, we review current phylogenetic and biogeographic models derived from molecular biology and explore their implications for the global development of TB and leprosy, past and present. In so doing, we also briefly review the skeletal evidence for TB and leprosy, explore the current status of these pathogens, critically consider current methods for identifying ancient mycobacterial DNA, and evaluate coevolutionary models. Yrbk Phys At the close of the first decade of the 21st century, a number of factors converge to make a review of mycobacterial disease timely. The first of these is the re-emergence of human tuberculosis (TB) in epidemic proportions on a global scale. As emphasized in the section on Mycobacterial diseases: The Historical, Epidemiological, and Ecological Context Section, by the mid-point of the 20th century the disease was thought to be conquerable and by the 1980s, conquered. How wrong these predictions were! TB, termed ''the white plague'' during the 19th century, has a very long history as a health burden to humankind, which continues today. A thorough knowledge of the coevolution of humans and pathogenic mycobacteria may inform development of treatment and prevention methods.A second important factor making a review of mycobacterial disease timely involves the emergence of new techniques in molecular biology. The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for amplifying DNA, advancements in sequencing technology, as well as the availability of mycobacterial genome sequences have revolutionized our knowledge of contemporary mycobacterial genetic variation. These advances permit scientists not only to explore global patterning within species, but also to make phylogenetic inferences and understand the evolutionary relationships between mycobacterial strains. In turn, molecular biologists and anthropologists have used this technology to identify...

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Detection of viable Mycobacterium leprae in soil samples: Insights into possible sources of transmission of leprosy

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

Armadillo meat intake was not associated with leprosy in a case control study, Curitiba (Brazil)

Armadillo meat intake was not associated with leprosy in a case control study, Curitiba (Brazil)

Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Tuberculosis and leprosy in perspective

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