Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool

Schwabl, Philipp; Köppel, Sebastian; Königshofer, Philipp; Bucsics, Theresa; Trauner, Michael; Reiberger, Thomas; Liebmann, B.

doi:10.7326/m19-0618

Cited by 995 publications

(442 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MPs/NPs could also be taken up by inhalation [60]. MPs/NPs have also been detected in human stool samples [61], an indication that the quantity taken in is significantly large. A recent World Health Organization's (WHO) report on "Microplastic in drinking water" indicates that there is not yet proof of harm, but it also calls for more research to be carried out [62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Yong

Valiyaveettil

Tang

2020

IJERPH

448

240

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Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also manifested by larger marine vertebrates such as fishes. More recently, possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on mammalian gut microbiota as well as host cellular and metabolic toxicity have been reported in mouse models. Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics occurs largely through ingestion, as these are found in food or derived from food packaging, but also in a less well-defined manner though inhalation. The pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic micro- and nanoplastics exposure in the mammalian system, particularly humans, are yet unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings related to the potential toxicity and detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics as demonstrated in mouse models as well as human cell lines. The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastics accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences. There is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro- and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Yong

Valiyaveettil

Tang

2020

IJERPH

448

240

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“…Therefore, microplastic and nanoplastic contamination is everywhere [24]. Microplastics have been found in human stool [25] and humans can consume microplastics and nanoplastics through seafood [26][27][28][29][30] and water [31][32][33][34][35][36], etc. Whether plastics will harm our health is unclear; however, the potential consequences may affect the ecological functioning of the globe and future generations of organisms ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Impact of Plastic Nanomaterials and Micromaterials on the Food Chain and Human Health

Wang

Lee

Chiu

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Plastic products are inexpensive, convenient, and are have many applications in daily life. We overuse plastic-related products and ineffectively recycle plastic that is difficult to degrade. Plastic debris can be fragmented into smaller pieces by many physical and chemical processes. Plastic debris that is fragmented into microplastics or nanoplastics has unclear effects on organismal systems. Recently, this debris was shown to affect biota and to be gradually spreading through the food chain. In addition, studies have indicated that workers in plastic-related industries develop many kinds of cancer because of chronic exposure to high levels of airborne microplastics. Microplastics and nanoplastics are everywhere now, contaminating our water, air, and food chain. In this review, we introduce a classification of plastic polymers, define microplastics and nanoplastics, identify plastics that contaminate food, describe the damage and diseases caused by microplastics and nanoplastics, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this damage and disease as well as solutions for their amelioration. Thus, we expect to contribute to the understanding of the effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on cellular and molecular mechanisms and the ways that the uptake of microplastics and nanoplastics are potentially dangerous to our biota. After understanding the issues, we can focus on how to handle the problems caused by plastic overuse.

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“…Over time, plastic debris degrades into microplastics due to photodegradation and abrasion [3], that are later ingested by aquatic fauna and small organisms, such as zooplankton. Plastic enters the food chain of humans and animals, threatening global human and ecosystem health [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of plastic debris across European and Asian rivers

Calcar

Emmerik

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

115

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Plastic pollution in the marine environment is an urgent global environmental challenge. Land-based plastics, emitted into the ocean through rivers, are believed to be the main source of marine plastic litter. According to the latest model-based estimates, most riverine plastics are emitted in Asia. However, the exact amount of global riverine plastic emission remains uncertain due to a severe lack of observation. Field-based studies are rare in numbers, focused on rivers in Europe and North America and used strongly varying data collection methods. We present a harmonized assessment of floating macroplastic transport from observations at 24 locations in rivers in seven countries in Europe and Asia. Visual counting and debris sampling were used to assess (1) magnitude of plastic transport, (2) the spatial distribution across the river width, and (3) the plastic polymer composition. Several waterways in Indonesia and Vietnam contain up to four orders of magnitude more plastic than waterways in Italy, France, and The Netherlands in terms of plastic items per hour. We present a first transcontinental overview of plastic transport, providing observational evidence that, for the sampled rivers, Asian rivers transport considerably more plastics towards the ocean. New insights are presented in the magnitude, composition, and spatiotemporal variation of riverine plastic debris. We emphasize the urgent need for more long-term monitoring efforts. Accurate data on riverine plastic debris are extremely important to improve global and local modeling approaches and to optimize prevention and collection strategies.

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Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool

Cited by 995 publications

References 28 publications

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Potent Impact of Plastic Nanomaterials and Micromaterials on the Food Chain and Human Health

Abundance of plastic debris across European and Asian rivers

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