Detection of two novel porcine herpesviruses with high similarity to gammaherpesviruses.

Ehlers, Bernhard; Ulrich, Sven; Goltz, Michael

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-4-971

Cited by 105 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The utility of partial sequence analyses has been established previously in resolving the evolutionary relationships among HVs of mammals (Ehlers et al 1999, Ehlers & Lowden 2004, Wibbelt et al 2007) and reptiles , and is extended in the present study to fish and amphibian HVs. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences from the DNA polymerase and terminase genes, and of more extensive sequences for a subset of viruses, strongly support the monophyly of fish and amphibian HVs within a larger clade containing all HVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Phylogenetic relationships in the family Alloherpesviridae

Waltzek¹,

Kelley²,

Alfaro³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

127

146

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Phylogenetic relationships among herpesviruses (HVs) of mammals, birds, and reptiles have been studied extensively, whereas those among other HVs are relatively unexplored. We have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among 13 fish and amphibian HVs using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of amino acid sequences predicted from parts of the DNA polymerase and terminase genes. The relationships among 6 of these viruses were confirmed using the partial DNA polymerase data plus the complete sequences of the terminase, helicase, and triplex protein genes; the position of these viruses among all other sequenced HVs was also investigated using the complete terminase gene. The results established the monophyly of the fish and amphibian HVs (Alloherpesviridae) separate from the HVs of mammals, birds, and reptiles (Herpesviridae) and the single recognized HV of bivalve mollusks (Malacoherpesviridae) in the order Herpesvirales. Two major clades in the family Alloherpesviridae were recognized: one consisting of viruses from cyprinid and anguillid hosts and the other of viruses from ictalurid, salmonid, acipenserid, and ranid hosts. A comparison of virus and host phylogenies suggested that closely related HVs in this family may have coevolved with their hosts, whereas significant codiversification was not apparent for the more distantly related viruses.KEY WORDS: Alloherpesviridae · Fish herpesviruses · Frog herpesviruses · Phylogeny · Coevolution· DNA polymerase · Terminase Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 84: [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194] 2009 pesviridae, divided into the subfamilies Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae) containing mammalian, avian, and reptilian viruses, one (Alloherpesviridae) containing fish and amphibian viruses, and one (Malacoherpesviridae) containing a single virus, OsHV1. The taxonomic structure of the family Herpesviridae has been well established phylogenetically, and the viruses are characterized by approximately 43 homologous genes that were presumably inherited from a common ancestor (McGeoch et al. 2006). The erection of the 2 new families was driven by the findings that these viruses are but tenuously related to the fish and amphibian HVs, which share at least 13 homologous genes with each other (Aoki et al. 2007), and that OsHV1 is related only marginally to all other HVs (Davison et al. 2005b). Indeed, the best, and perhaps only, sequence-based evidence supporting a common ancestry for all HVs resides in a single gene, that encoding the putative ATPase subunit of terminase (hereafter terminase; an enzyme complex involved in packaging DNA into capsids), in which 5 regions are conserved (Davison 1992(Davison , 2002. This protein is also conserved to a lesser extent in T4-like bacteriophages in the family Myoviridae (Davison 1992). Indeed, the perceived utilization of a similar enzyme complex for packaging DNA into preformed capsids...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Phylogenetic relationships in the family Alloherpesviridae

Waltzek¹,

Kelley²,

Alfaro³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

127

146

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“…Due to their lymphotropism, they were named porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1, 2 and 3 (PLHV-1, -2, -3). PLHV-1 and -3 and PLHV-2 have been found to be highly prevalent in domestic and feral pig populations, respectively (Ehlers et al, 1999b;Ulrich et al, 1999;Chmielewicz et al, 2003a). Evidence for the pathogenic potential of PLHV-1 was obtained using a porcine model of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleic acid-based (Ehlers et al, 1999b;Chmielewicz et al, 2003a) and antibody-based (S. Brema, M. Goltz & B. Ehlers, unpublished) detection methods were therefore developed to allow monitoring of the PLHV status of donor pigs and xenotransplanted patients. Furthermore, domestic pigs were extensively analysed for the presence of additional, yet unknown, porcine herpesviruses, but such viruses were not found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel herpesviruses of Suidae: indicators for a second genogroup of artiodactyl gammaherpesviruses

Ehlers

Lowden

2004

Journal of General Virology

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Five novel herpesviruses were identified in suid species from Africa (common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus) and South-East Asia (bearded pig, Sus barbatus; babirusa, Babyrousa babyrussa) by detection and analysis of their DNA polymerase genes. Three of the novel species, P. africanus cytomegalovirus 1, P. africanus lymphotropic herpesvirus 1 (PafrLHV-1) and S. barbatus lymphotropic herpesvirus 1 (SbarLHV-1), were closely related to known beta-(porcine cytomegalovirus) and gammaherpesviruses [porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV) 1 and 3] of domestic pigs. In contrast, two novel species, S. barbatus rhadinovirus 1 (SbarRHV-1) and Babyrousa babyrussa rhadinovirus 1 (BbabRHV-1), were more closely related to a ruminant gammaherpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), than to the porcine gammaherpesviruses PLHV-1, -2, -3, PafrLHV-1 and SbarLHV-1. SbarRHV-1, BbabRHV-1 and BoHV-4 were therefore tentatively assigned to a novel genogroup of artiodactyl gammaherpesviruses. This latter genogroup may also contain an as yet undiscovered gammaherpesvirus of domestic pigs, thereby adding a concern to their use in xenotransplantation.Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) have been proposed as organ donors for xenotransplantation. A significant potential hazard and safety issue in xenotransplant patients is the transmission of porcine viruses (Auchincloss & Sachs, 1998;O'Connell et al., 2000;Onions et al., 2000). Porcine herpesviruses are of particular concern since human herpesviruses, predominantly cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are associated with severe disease in allotransplantation (Ferry & Harris, 1994;van Zanten et al., 1998). Furthermore, herpesviruses are often inapparent in their natural hosts, but result in severe disease after infection of foreign hosts. To illustrate, the B herpesvirus causes only a benign infection in rhesus monkeys but induces fatal encephalitis in humans (Eberle & Hilliard, 1995). Another example is ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). This virus causes only a benign infection in sheep, yet results in a fatal malignant catarrhal fever in cattle and pigs (Albini et al., 2003). Consequently, considerable efforts are under way to produce experimental donor pigs free of a number of known swine microorganisms (Fishman, 1994;Tucker et al., 2002).We recently reported the discovery of three porcine gammaherpesviruses in S. scrofa. Due to their lymphotropism, they were named porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1, 2 and 3 (PLHV-1, -2, -3). PLHV-1 and -3 and PLHV-2 have been found to be highly prevalent in domestic and feral pig populations, respectively (Ehlers et al., 1999b;Ulrich et al., 1999;Chmielewicz et al., 2003a). Evidence for the pathogenic potential of PLHV-1 was obtained using a porcine model of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This virus induces a fatal lymphoproliferative disorder resembling human post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), which occurs predominantly after liver and bone marrow allotransplantation (Huang et al., 2001). While human PTLD is frequently associate...

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“…Plusieurs herpèsvirus, ignorés jusqu'alors, ont été identifiés, principalement par des méthodes d'amplification génique employant des amorces nucléotidiques dégénérées ciblant des séquences du gène de l'ADN-polymé-rase particulièrement bien conservées parmi les herpèsvirus. Des nouveaux gammaherpèsvirus de suidés ont été mis en évidence (par exemple, Ehlers et al 1999).…”

Section: Les Herpèsvirus Un Monde Viral à Découvrirunclassified