Detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk and blood as a test for early pregnancy in dairy cows

Commun, Loïc; Velek, Katherine; Barbry, Jean-B.; Pun, S.; Rice, Anna; Mestek, Anton; Egli, Christoph; Leterme, S.

doi:10.1177/1040638716632815

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The sensitivity of the commercial milk ELISA has been estimated to range between 98% and 100% for cows >30 days of pregnancy. Specificity of this milk assay was estimated to range between 83% and 100% in these same studies (Leblanc, 2013;Lawson et al, 2014;Ricci et al, 2015;Commun et al, 2016). The specificity of the milk ELISA was estimated to be lower than the corresponding estimates for the serum ELISA (when both performed in the same study), which is similar to what was found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The sensitivity of this quantitative commercial serum ELISA has been estimated to be between 98.4% and 100% for cows >30 days of pregnancy. Within the same studies, specificity was estimated to range between 88.6% and 100% (Ricci et al, 2015;Commun et al, 2016). The sensitivity of the commercial milk ELISA has been estimated to range between 98% and 100% for cows >30 days of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows

Fosgate

Motimele

Ganswindt

et al. 2017

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate diagnosis of pregnancy is an essential component of an effective reproductive management plan for dairy cattle. Indirect methods of pregnancy detection can be performed soon after breeding and offer an advantage over traditional direct methods in not requiring an experienced veterinarian and having potential for automation. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) detection ELISA and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in dairy cows of South Africa using a Bayesian latent class approach. Commercial dairy cattle from the five important dairy regions in South Africa were enrolled in a short-term prospective cohort study. Cattle were examined at 28-35days after artificial insemination (AI) and then followed up 14days later. At both sampling times, TRUS was performed to detect pregnancy and commercially available PAG detection ELISAs were performed on collected serum and milk. A total of 1236 cows were sampled and 1006 had complete test information for use in the Bayesian latent class model. The estimated sensitivity (95% probability interval) and specificity for PAG detection serum ELISA were 99.4% (98.5, 99.9) and 97.4% (94.7, 99.2), respectively. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for PAG detection milk ELISA were 99.2% (98.2, 99.8) and 93.4% (89.7, 96.1), respectively. Sensitivity of veterinarian performed TRUS at 28-35days post-AI varied between 77.8% and 90.5% and specificity varied between 94.7% and 99.8%. In summary, indirect detection of pregnancy using PAG ELISA is an accurate method for use in dairy cattle. The method is descriptively more sensitive than veterinarian-performed TRUS and therefore could be an economically viable addition to a reproductive management plan.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows

Fosgate

Motimele

Ganswindt

et al. 2017

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PAG glycoproteins are one major group of the proteins secreted from trophoblast cells of the placenta into the maternal blood shortly after implantation and are detectable throughout gestation [ 56 ]. These proteins have been used to monitor embryonic viability as biochemical pregnancy markers in the cow’s blood or milk [ 75 ] as well as placental functions in cattle [ 76 , 77 ]. Significant reductions in PAG concentrations during the late embryonic/early fetal period are associated with pregnancy failures in cattle [ 76 , 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autozygosity islands and ROH patterns in Nellore lineages: evidence of selection for functionally important traits

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess genome-wide autozygosity in a Nellore cattle population and to characterize ROH patterns and autozygosity islands that may have occurred due to selection within its lineages. It attempts also to compare estimates of inbreeding calculated from ROH (FROH), genomic relationship matrix (FGRM), and pedigree-based coefficient (FPED).ResultsThe average number of ROH per animal was 55.15 ± 13.01 with an average size of 3.24 Mb. The Nellore genome is composed mostly by a high number of shorter segments accounting for 78% of all ROH, although the proportion of the genome covered by them was relatively small. The genome autozygosity proportion indicates moderate to high inbreeding levels for classical standards, with an average value of 7.15% (178.70 Mb). The average of FPED and FROH, and their correlations (− 0.05 to 0.26) were low. Estimates of correlation between FGRM-FPED was zero, while the correlation (− 0.01 to − 0.07) between FGRM-FROH decreased as a function of ROH length, except for FROH > 8Mb (− 0.03). Overall, inbreeding coefficients were not high for the genotyped animals. Autozygosity islands were evident across the genome (n = 62) and their genomic location did not largely differ within lineages. Enriched terms (p < 0.01) associated with defense response to bacteria (GO:0042742), immune complex reaction (GO:0045647), pregnancy-associated glycoproteins genes (GO:0030163), and organism growth (GO:0040014) were described within the autozygotic islands.ConclusionsLow FPED-FROH correlation estimates indicate that FPED is not the most suitable method for capturing ancient inbreeding when the pedigree does not extend back many generations and FROH should be used instead. Enriched terms (p < 0.01) suggest a strong selection for immune response. Non-overlapping islands within the lineages greatly explain the mechanism underlying selection for functionally important traits in Nellore cattle.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5060-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the trophoblast cells of the placenta and are detectable in the maternal circulation around the time of attachment of the fetal placenta (3rd week in cattle), as well as in blood and milk throughout gestation (Zoli et al, 1992b;Friedrich and Holtz, 2010;Commun et al, 2016). The function of PAG is largely unclear; however, some studies have indicated a potential role in placental development, pregnancy maintenance, embryo survival, proteolytic activity, and immune modulation (Dosogne et al, 2002;Telugu et al, 2010;Pohler et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Santos

Cole

Null

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the trophoblast and are detectable in maternal circulation around the time of attachment of the fetal placenta, as well as in blood and milk throughout gestation. The understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling PAG levels can confer advantages for livestock breeding programs given the precocity and the ease of obtaining this phenotype from routine pregnancy diagnosis. The aim of this study was to characterize PAG levels by estimating genetic parameters and correlations with other dairy traits, and to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with PAG levels in milk. The PAG data consisted of pregnancy diagnoses using commercial assays from 2012 to 2017, and genotype data consisted of 54,123 SNP markers for 2,352 individuals (embryos and dams). The model included contemporary group (herd, year, and season) and embryo age as fixed effects, and random embryonic (direct) and maternal (indirect) genetic effects. Using genomic data, the estimated heritability for direct and maternal genetic effects (± standard deviations) were 0.23 ± 0.05 and 0.11 ± 0.05, respectively. The genetic correlation between these effects was almost zero (0.001 ± 0.06). A preliminary analysis revealed low correlations between milk PAG levels and other dairy traits. The genome-wide association analysis was performed using 2 approaches: single-marker and single-step using all markers. Four genomic regions with direct genetic effects were detected on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 6, BTA7, BTA19, and BTA29 of the embryonic genome. The BTA29 locus was within the bovine PAG gene cluster, suggesting a cis-regulatory quantitative trait locus on the PAG expression. However, other associations, without an obvious link to PAG expression, could be related to the transportation of PAG and their concentration in milk. Only 1 region from the maternal genome, on BTA4, had a significant indirect effect, where WNT2 is a candidate gene related to placenta vascularization and gestation health. Collectively, our results suggest a moderate genetic control of milk PAG levels from both maternal and fetal genomes, but larger studies are needed to fully evaluate the usefulness of milk PAG in the genetic evaluation of fetal growth and cow fertility.

show abstract

Detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk and blood as a test for early pregnancy in dairy cows

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows

A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows

Autozygosity islands and ROH patterns in Nellore lineages: evidence of selection for functionally important traits

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About