Detection of multi drug resistant bacteria in major hospitals in Kano, North-West, Nigeria

Yusuf, Ibrahim; Arzai, AH; Haruna, M; Sharif, Ahmed; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822014000300005

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the rate of AmpC detection was 46.3%. The production of AmpC in our hospital setting is higher compared to other studies that showed 19.8% over a period of six months at various tertiary care hospitals in India [46], 11.9% at teaching hospital in Nigeria [47], and 5% in three major hospitals of Iran [48]. The higher rate of AmpC in this study might be due to use of penicillin, cephalosporins and oxymino-β-lactams drugs as primary choice of empiric therapy for the infections caused by Gram negative bacteria.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-lactamase Enzymes in Multi-drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kathmandu, Nepal

Shrestha

Adhikari

Rijal

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Emergence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) among gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli in Nepal has been alarming. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBL, ABL (AmpC type β-Lactamase), MBL (Metallo β-Lactamase) and KPC (Klebseilla pneumoniae carbapenamase) producing multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli and their correlation with plasmid profiling pattern among the patients suspected of or having urinary tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods The mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected of or having urinary tract infections (UTI) and were inoculated in Cystine Lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. The ESBL E. coli were detected by combined disc diffusion technique using cefotaxime with and without clavulanate. The isolates were screened for ABL by inhibitor-based method using cefoxitin alone and/or with cloxacillin. MBL/KPC were detected using combined-disc tests consisting of meropenem alone and with phenylboronic acid (PBA) or Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), or both PBA and EDTA. Plasmids were extracted by alkaline lysis method from isolates and profiled on agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Out of total 2,661 urine samples, E. coli were isolated in 64.5% (507/788), among which 170 (33.5%) were MDR isolates. All MDR isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and third generation cephalosporins but were highly sensitive to imipenem (94.12%, 160/170), amikacin (92.94%, 158/170) and nitrofurantoin (86.47%, 147/170). Among 170 MDR isolates, 78.2% (133/170) were ESBL, 46.3% (50/170) were AmpC, 11.2% (19/170) were MBL and 0.6% (1/170) was KPC producers. Coproduction of β-Lactamases was detected in 24.12% (41/170) of isolates. E. coli isolates showed one plasmid (>33.5 Kb) which was unanimously present in all the isolates. Overall, 44 different plasmid profile groups were identified based on the molecular weight and number of plasmids. β-lactamase producers were relatively resistant to higher number of antibiotics (≤10) than non-producer (≤8) and number of plasmids were higher in β-lactamase producers (≤7) than non-producers (≤5).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-lactamase Enzymes in Multi-drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kathmandu, Nepal

Shrestha

Adhikari

Rijal

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Carbapenemase-encoding genes had been commonly associated with bacteria isolated from blood, urine, wounds, and sputum as reported in many studies in Uganda (19), Tanzania (35), Nigeria (21), and India (36). In this study Carbapenem producers were more frequently isolated from blood (39%) followed by wounds (25%) and urine (22%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In Tanzania the prevalence of carbapenemase producing isolates was 35% (19), in South Africa it was found to be 68% (20). and in Nigeria 11.9% (21). Carbapenem resistance in low and middle income countries in Africa are likely to be increase as long as the use of antibiotics in these countries remains unrestricted and most people consume the antibiotics without a clinical prescription (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

Elbadawi

Elhag

Mahgoub

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global health security. Whilst over the past decade, there has been an increase in reports of nosocomial infections globally caused by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), data from Africa have been scanty. We performed a study of carbapenem resistance genes among GNB isolated from patients treated in hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Soba University Hospital (SUH) and Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum for the period October 2016 to February 2017. A total of 206 GNB isolates from different clinical specimens were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes using phenotypic tests and affirmed by genes detection. Multiplex PCR was performed for each strain to detect the carbapenemase genes, including the blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48. In addition to blaCTXM, blaTEM and blaSHV. DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to detect genes subtypes.Findings:Of 206 isolates, 171 (83%) were confirmed resistant phenotypically and 121 (58.7%) isolates were positive for the presence of one or more carbapenemase gene. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(88.4%). Others included blaIMP 7 (5.7%), blaOXA-48 5(4.1%), blaVIM 2 (1.6%) and blaKPC 0 (0%). Co- resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3%) of all blaNDM positive isolates. A significant association between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was observed (P- value < 0.001). NDM-1 was the most sub type was observed in 75 isolates (70 %), other subtypes were NDM- 5 and NDM-6. Infections due to Carbapenem resistant GNB are increasing at SUH, with the blaNDM being the prevalent genes among clinical isolates and belong to the Indian lineage.Conclusions:The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be improperly high in Khartoum hospitals. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of Carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined.

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“…In Tanzania, the prevalence of carbapenemase producing isolates was 35% [14]. In South Africa, it was found to be 68% [15] and in Nigeria 11.9% [16]. Carbapenem resistance in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in Africa is likely to increase as result of unrestricted usage of antibiotics in LMICS as the majority of the population consume antibiotics without a clinical prescription [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(17.8%), A. baumannii (13.8%), S. maltophilia 7.5% and E. coli 2.8% [29]. In Nigeria, the highest prevalence of carbapenemase producers was in P. mirabilis (16.0%), then P. aeruginosa, K.pneumoniae (13.3% each) and E. coli (11.5%) [16], while in Tanzania E. coli was the most prevalent species with carbapenemase production (14%) followed by; K. pneumoniae (10.57%), P. aeruginosa (10.13%), K. oxytoca (1.76%) and A. baumannii (1.3%) [14]. The prevalence of carbapenemase producing isolates varies from hospital to hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterisation of Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli Isolates Recovered From Hospitalised Patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

Elbadawi

Elhag

Mahgoub

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global health security. Whilst over the past decade, there has been an increase in reports of nosocomial infections globally caused by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). This study aimed to detect and characterize carbapenem resistance Gram negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum State, Sudan Results: A total of 206 GNB isolates from different clinical specimens were obtained from hospitalised patients between October 2016 to February 2017. Of 206 isolates, 171 (83%) were confirmed resistant phenotypically and 121 (58.7%) isolates were positive for the presence of one or more carbapenemase genes. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(52%). Others included blaIMP 7 (3.4%), blaOXA-48 5(2.4%), blaVIM 2 (0.9%) and blaKPC 0 (0%). Co-resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3%) of all blaNDM positive isolates. A significant association between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was observed (P < 0.001). NDM1 was the most frequent subtype observed in 75 (70 %) isolates which clusters to the Indian lineage.Conclusions: The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be improperly high in SUH. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined.

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Detection of multi drug resistant bacteria in major hospitals in Kano, North-West, Nigeria

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-lactamase Enzymes in Multi-drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kathmandu, Nepal

Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-lactamase Enzymes in Multi-drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kathmandu, Nepal

Detection and Characterization of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

Detection and Characterisation of Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli Isolates Recovered From Hospitalised Patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

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