Detection ofAedes aegyptiMosquitoes Infected with Dengue Virus as a Complementary Method for Increasing the Sensitivity of Surveillance: Identification of Serotypes 1, 2, and 4 by RT-PCR in Quintana Roo, Mexico

Abstract

Sensitivity of monitoring Aedes aegypti (L.) populations was determined to identify the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) during epidemics in Quintana Roo. From September to November 2012, we used a motorized aspirator to collect 2,144 female Ae. aegypti from 569 homes. These were grouped into 220 to use semi-nested RT-PCR for DENV, and positive groups were analyzed individually. Five groups (2.27%) were positive for DENV. Individual analysis yielded eight groups that tested positive, six with DENV-2, one DENV-1, and one DENV-4. The latter was not reported by the surveillance system that year. The mean number of female mosquitoes per household was 3.77 ± 5.71, and the rate of viral infection of Ae. aegypti was 0.4%. Most infected mosquitoes (49%) were concentrated in 10% of the houses. Monitoring Ae. aegypti infected with DENV has the potential to complement the current system of clinical and entomological surveillance.Resumen. Se determinó la sensibilidad del monitoreo de poblaciones Ae. aegypti para identificar la circulación de DENV durante epidemias en Quintana Roo. De Septiembre a Noviembre del 2012, en 569 viviendas se colectaron 2,144 hembras Ae. aegypti con un aspirador motorizado. Se agruparon en 220 lotes para realizar la RT-PCR semi-anidada para DENV y los lotes positivos se analizaron individualmente. Cinco lotes (2.27%) fueron positivos para DENV. El análisis individual de los lotes arrojó ocho mosquitos positivos: seis DENV-2, uno DENV-1, y uno DENV-4. Este último no fue reportado por el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica en ese año. El promedio de hembras colectadas por casa fue 3.77 ± 5.71 y la tasa de infección viral de Ae. aegypti 0.4%. La mayoría (49%) se concentró en el 10% de las casas. Monitorear Ae. aegypti infectados a DENV tiene ________________________

Zika en Panamá y Latinoamérica: Aspectos clínicos y moleculares de una problemática emergente

“…Técnicas entomovirológicas para determinar el porcentaje de mosquitos transmisores del virus es también una alternativa novedosa en la lucha contra el Ae. aegypti [23].…”

Individual-based dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected patients in Tarlac City, Philippines

“…Detection of DENV in adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes remains a challenge due to the low infection rate (typically about 0.1%) observed in adult female mosquitoes [6]. However, recent advancements in molecular virus detection techniques, particularly nucleic acid ampli cation tests such as RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays, have enabled researchers to directly detect DENV RNA in eld-collected mosquitoes [3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The sensitivity, speci city and speed of nucleic acid ampli cation tests provide an alternative to the traditional method (i.e.…”

“…These asymptomatic infections are possibly an important component of the overall burden of dengue because these infections may likely serve as hidden reservoir hosts for mosquito infection [26] as asymptomatic people can be infectious to mosquitoes despite their lower level of viremia [27]. Viral data from eld-collected mosquitoes has the potential to detect these asymptomatic infections [15] providing additional information in understanding DENV dynamics. In this context, incorporating data on infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes into the current patient-based dengue surveillance system might aid in increasing its sensitivity by enhancing its ability to predict and prevent an outbreak as well as detect silent virus [7,15,19].…”

“…Viral data from eld-collected mosquitoes has the potential to detect these asymptomatic infections [15] providing additional information in understanding DENV dynamics. In this context, incorporating data on infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes into the current patient-based dengue surveillance system might aid in increasing its sensitivity by enhancing its ability to predict and prevent an outbreak as well as detect silent virus [7,15,19]. Moreover, analyzing DENV sequences isolated from mosquitoes and patients has the potential to reveal whether DENV is geographically constrained in the household-or community-level.…”

Individual-based dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected patients in Tarlac City, Philippines

“…aegypti mosquitoes remains a challenge due to the low infection rate (typically about 0.1%) observed in adult female mosquitoes [6]. However, recent advancements in molecular virus detection techniques, particularly nucleic acid ampli cation tests such as RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays, have enabled researchers to directly detect DENV RNA in eld-collected mosquitoes [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Current testing of mosquito populations for DENVs has been limited to RT-PCR of mosquito pools.…”