Detection of herpes simplex virus in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma

Abstract

ABSTRACT.Purpose: The pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) remains unknown. An infection, possibly viral, is one of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. This study examines the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in iris and anterior capsule specimens of PEX and non-PEX patients. Methods: Iris and anterior capsule specimens were obtained from 64 patients with PEX (study group, SG) and 61 patients without PEX (control group, CG). The presence of HSV and VZV DNA was evaluated with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Herpes simplex virus type I was detected significantly more often in iris specimens from the SG (13.79%), compared to those from the CG (1.75%). Varicella-zoster virus DNA was not detected in any of the examined specimens. Conclusion: Results imply a possible relationship between HSV type I and PEX, although no aetiological role of HSV infection in PEX pathogenesis can be established. Results also advocate against any association between VZV and PEX.

Early diagnosis of exfoliation syndrome in the offspring of affected patients

“…(1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p = 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al. 2002).…”

“…In the Middle Norway Eye- screening Study, Ringvold et al (1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p ¼ 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al 2002). There have been several reports of younger patients developing XFS after penetrating keratoplasty from elderly donors, consistent with transmission of a slow virus (Hørven & Hutchinson 1967;Ku¨chle & Naumann 1992;Konstas & Williamson 1993;Sampaolesi et al 1995).…”

Early diagnosis of exfoliation syndrome in the offspring of affected patients

“…(1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p = 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al. 2002).…”

“…In the Middle Norway Eye- screening Study, Ringvold et al (1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p ¼ 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al 2002). There have been several reports of younger patients developing XFS after penetrating keratoplasty from elderly donors, consistent with transmission of a slow virus (Hørven & Hutchinson 1967;Ku¨chle & Naumann 1992;Konstas & Williamson 1993;Sampaolesi et al 1995).…”

Helicobacter pylori –Related Impact on Glaucoma Pathophysiology

“…Regarding the pathogenesis of PXFG, an infection appears to be one of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. 2 In this respect, by using histology, representing the practical gold standard for Hp-I diagnosis, we documented for the first time to our knowledge a high prevalence of Hp-I in OAG and PXFG patients than in controls with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA). 3 It is important to note that, regarding the mild IDA controls used in our series, the link between Hp and IDA was well supported in the literature; the British Society of Gastroenterology and the recent Maastricht IV guidelines recommend Hp eradication in all patients with unexplained and/or recurrent IDA with a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy.…”

Central Corneal Mechanical Sensitivity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

“…Furthermore, a possible relation between PEX and herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been recently described. 23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue.…”

“…23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue. 24 Therefore, sensory impairment caused by a herpetic infection may also be related to the reduced CCMS score detected in pseudoexfoliative eyes.…”

Early diagnosis of exfoliation syndrome in the offspring of affected patients

“…(1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p = 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al. 2002).…”

“…In the Middle Norway Eye- screening Study, Ringvold et al (1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p ¼ 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al 2002). There have been several reports of younger patients developing XFS after penetrating keratoplasty from elderly donors, consistent with transmission of a slow virus (Hørven & Hutchinson 1967;Ku¨chle & Naumann 1992;Konstas & Williamson 1993;Sampaolesi et al 1995).…”

Helicobacter pylori –Related Impact on Glaucoma Pathophysiology

“…Regarding the pathogenesis of PXFG, an infection appears to be one of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. 2 In this respect, by using histology, representing the practical gold standard for Hp-I diagnosis, we documented for the first time to our knowledge a high prevalence of Hp-I in OAG and PXFG patients than in controls with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA). 3 It is important to note that, regarding the mild IDA controls used in our series, the link between Hp and IDA was well supported in the literature; the British Society of Gastroenterology and the recent Maastricht IV guidelines recommend Hp eradication in all patients with unexplained and/or recurrent IDA with a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy.…”

Central Corneal Mechanical Sensitivity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

“…Furthermore, a possible relation between PEX and herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been recently described. 23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue.…”

“…23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue. 24 Therefore, sensory impairment caused by a herpetic infection may also be related to the reduced CCMS score detected in pseudoexfoliative eyes.…”

Early diagnosis of exfoliation syndrome in the offspring of affected patients

“…(1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p = 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al. 2002).…”

“…In the Middle Norway Eye- screening Study, Ringvold et al (1988) found the prevalence of XFS in both members of 343 married couples (3.2%) to be significantly higher (p ¼ 0.022) than would be expected from chance occurrence. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was detected in 13.8% of iris and anterior capsule specimens of patients with XFS compared with 1.8% of controls (Detorakis et al 2002). There have been several reports of younger patients developing XFS after penetrating keratoplasty from elderly donors, consistent with transmission of a slow virus (Hørven & Hutchinson 1967;Ku¨chle & Naumann 1992;Konstas & Williamson 1993;Sampaolesi et al 1995).…”

Helicobacter pylori –Related Impact on Glaucoma Pathophysiology

“…Regarding the pathogenesis of PXFG, an infection appears to be one of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. 2 In this respect, by using histology, representing the practical gold standard for Hp-I diagnosis, we documented for the first time to our knowledge a high prevalence of Hp-I in OAG and PXFG patients than in controls with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA). 3 It is important to note that, regarding the mild IDA controls used in our series, the link between Hp and IDA was well supported in the literature; the British Society of Gastroenterology and the recent Maastricht IV guidelines recommend Hp eradication in all patients with unexplained and/or recurrent IDA with a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy.…”

Central Corneal Mechanical Sensitivity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

“…Furthermore, a possible relation between PEX and herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been recently described. 23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue.…”

“…23 HSV DNA has been detected in iris tissue of pseudoexfoliative eyes more often than in nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, implying that a subclinical HSV infection of the anterior eye segment may be associated with PEX. 23 Previous studies have suggested that HSV can remain in latency in corneal tissue. 24 Therefore, sensory impairment caused by a herpetic infection may also be related to the reduced CCMS score detected in pseudoexfoliative eyes.…”