Detection of cytogenetic and DNA damage in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to a glyphosate formulation using the micronucleus test and the comet assay

Abstract

Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum weed control agent. In the present study, an in vivo study on the genotoxic effects of a technical herbicide (Roundup) containing isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was carried out on freshwater goldfish Carassius auratus. The fish were exposed to three doses of glyphosate formulation (5, 10 and 15 ppm). Cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 5 mg/l was used as positive control. Analysis of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage were performed on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at intervals of 48, 96 and 144 h posttreatment. Our results revealed significant dose-dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities as well as DNA strand breaks. Our findings also confirmed that the alkaline comet assay and nuclear deformations in addition to micronucleus test on fish erythrocytes in vivo are useful tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of commercial herbicides.

Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat

“…In this study, acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat were able to induce micronuclei formation (MN) and various other cell abnormalities like apoptosis, bean-shaped cell and lobed nuclei in fish. This corroborates the findings of previous researchers 28 , 43 who both reported cytogenetic effects of glyphosate in fish. This study also reveals that the higher the dose of the herbicides administered, the higher the frequency of nuclear abnormalities.…”

Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat

“…In this study, acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat were able to induce micronuclei formation (MN) and various other cell abnormalities like apoptosis, bean-shaped cell and lobed nuclei in fish. This corroborates the findings of previous researchers 28 , 43 who both reported cytogenetic effects of glyphosate in fish. This study also reveals that the higher the dose of the herbicides administered, the higher the frequency of nuclear abnormalities.…”

Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;. In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”

Genotoxicity by long-term exposure to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;Chang et al, 2009;Mezzelani et al, 2018). In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”

Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat

“…In this study, acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat were able to induce micronuclei formation (MN) and various other cell abnormalities like apoptosis, bean-shaped cell and lobed nuclei in fish. This corroborates the findings of previous researchers 28 , 43 who both reported cytogenetic effects of glyphosate in fish. This study also reveals that the higher the dose of the herbicides administered, the higher the frequency of nuclear abnormalities.…”

Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;. In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”

Genotoxicity by long-term exposure to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;Chang et al, 2009;Mezzelani et al, 2018). In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”

Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat

“…In this study, acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat were able to induce micronuclei formation (MN) and various other cell abnormalities like apoptosis, bean-shaped cell and lobed nuclei in fish. This corroborates the findings of previous researchers 28 , 43 who both reported cytogenetic effects of glyphosate in fish. This study also reveals that the higher the dose of the herbicides administered, the higher the frequency of nuclear abnormalities.…”

Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;. In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”

Genotoxicity by long-term exposure to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…However, other plausible explanations to our observation could be suggested. The results obtained in our study could also be in agreement with those previous long-term investigations reported by others in in vitro and in vivo biotic matrices exposed to pesticides, where an adaptive mechanism of tolerance has been observed (Çavas ¸and K€ onen, 2007;Chang et al, 2009;Mezzelani et al, 2018). In the present study, the genotoxicity exerted by the herbicides on the DNA is notably evident and tends to increase after long-term exposure conditions, thus possibly indicating their potential biotransformation into genotoxic breakdown products by C. decemmaculatus.…”