Detection of buried targets using a synthetic aperture sonar

Piper, John E.; Commander, Kerry W.; Thorsos, Eric I.; Williams, Kevin L.

doi:10.1109/joe.2002.1040933

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As a consequence, the effective range resolution window for the target return is greater than for the reverberation, and SAS resolution effects can be ignored for the target return. We intend in future work to revisit the analyses described in [2,10] to examine how this change in understanding affects those results.…”

Section: Calibrated Signal Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: calibrated levels and effects of large roughness

Lopes

Nesbitt

Williams

et al. 2003

Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492)

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Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)This paper describes results of an ongoing modeling and measurement effort investigating shallow grazing angle acoustic detection of targets buried in sand. The measurements were performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test pool with a 1.5-m layer of sand on the bottom. A silicone-oii-filled target sphere was buried under a rippled surface with contours formed by raking the sand with a machined rake. Broad band (10 to 50 kHz) transducers were placed onto the shaft of a tilting motor, which in turn was attached to an elevated rail that enabled this assembly to be translated horizontally, permitting acquired data to be processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques. Acoustic backscatter data were acquired at subcritical grazing angles for various ripple wavelengths and heights. Also, the backscattered signals from a free-field sphere and the transmitted signals received with a free-field hydrophone were recorded. Measured roughness information was used in scattering models to calculate the backscattered signal levels from the target and bottom. By taking advantage of the backscattered data and the transmitted data, comparisons more stringent than in previous work were made between predicted and measured buried target backscatter levels. Abstract-This paper describes recent results from an ongoing modeling and measurement effort investigating shallow grazing angle acoustic detection of targets buried in sand. The measurements were performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test-pool with a 1.5-m layer of sand on the bottom. A silicone-oil-filled target sphere was buried under a rippled surface with contours formed by scraping the sand with a machined rake. Broad band (10 to 50 kHz) transducers were placed onto the shaft of a tilting motor, which in turn was attached to an elevated rail that enabled this assembly to be translated horizontally, permitting acquired data to be processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques. Acoustic backscatter data were acquired at subcritical grazing angles for various ripple wavelengths and heights. In addition, the backscattered signals from a calibrated free-field sphere and the transmitted signals received with a free-field hydrophone were recorded. For each bottom configuration, the seabed roughness over the buried target was measured to determine the ripple parameters and to estimate the small-scale roughness spectrum. This roughness information is used in scattering models to calculate the backscattered signal levels from the target and bottom. In previous work, measured signal-to-reverberation ratios were found to compare weD with model predictions, demonstrating the accuracy of first-order perturbation theory (for the ripple heights used in those experiments) for frequencies up to 30 kHz. By taking advantage of the backscattered data collected using the free-field sphere and of the acquired transmitted data, more stringent comparisons of ...

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Section: Calibrated Signal Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: calibrated levels and effects of large roughness

Lopes

Nesbitt

Williams

et al. 2003

Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492)

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“…Backscatter measurements on spheres buried in well-characterized underwater sediments provided the best data for testing physics-based sonar models. However, more complex targets were also considered to study whether these models could resolve unexplained buried target detections observed in field measurements such as the ONR-sponsored SAX99 [21,22]. In FY04, further data collection was carried out for validation of models toward this end.…”

Section: Results and Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling for Sensor Evaluation in Underwater UXO Test Beds, Rev 3

Lim¹

2008

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“…Probing the seabed with several differ-ent frequency bands in SAS might therefore gain more information about the seabed and its features; however, this quickly increases the system cost. Low-frequency (LF) SAS techniques have been developed by several corporations in the defense industry to counter buried mines threats (Piper et al, 2002). Figure 10 shows HF (left) and LF (right) SAS images taken of the same scene in the same pass.…”

Section: Frequency Agilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Aperture Sonar Technology Review

Hansen¹

2013

mar technol soc j

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A B S T R A C TSonar imaging has numerous applications in the underwater domain. Highresolution sonar images are useful in marine research, underwater construction work, offshore oil and gas, search for objects, and in the military sector. Common in many applications is the desire for higher resolution, better image quality, longer range, and smaller hardware footprint. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) technology can improve resolution and/or range substantially compared to traditional technology. Recent developments in SAS make this technology more available now. This paper gives a review of SAS technology and shows example of SAS applications. The paper lists the current state-of-the-art and the future trends of SAS.

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Detection of buried targets using a synthetic aperture sonar

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: calibrated levels and effects of large roughness

Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: calibrated levels and effects of large roughness

Modeling for Sensor Evaluation in Underwater UXO Test Beds, Rev 3

Synthetic Aperture Sonar Technology Review

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