Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic

Capucci, Lorenzo; Fusi, Paola; Llombart‐Bosch, Antonio; Pacciarini, M. L.; Rossi, Cesare

doi:10.1128/jvi.70.12.8614-8623.1996

Cited by 174 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results suggest that rabbits had been exposed to a pre-existing non-pathogenic strain (Rodak et al 1990a(Rodak et al , 1991Chasey et al 1995;Nowotny et al 1997;Trout et al 1997). However, evidence of such non-pathogenic strains is still lacking especially from the field (but see Capucci et al 1996). An alternative, but non-exclusive hypothesis is based on the mechanism discussed here.…”

Section: Defining At Risk Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of maternal antibodies in the emergence of severe disease as a result of fragmentation

Fouchet

Marchandeau

Bahi-Jaber

et al. 2006

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Population fragmentation is a major problem for the conservation of mammalian species. Since the spread of an infectious disease is related to the intensity of contacts between individuals, fragmentation destabilizes the way the parasites circulate in their host population. Recently, Zinkernagel has proposed that a reduction in the frequency of infections by a parasite could lead to the emergence of severe forms of the disease, previously avoided because the disease was contracted early in life and attenuated by maternal antibodies. However, it is still unclear whether this change in disease expression increases the global mortality it induces because the disease becomes more severe and also less frequent. Here, we use a mathematical model to link population fragmentation with the hypothesis of Zinkernagel. Firstly, we show that there is a change in the severity of the disease during the fragmentation process, especially at a local scale, suggesting that host population fragmentation could be a widespread mechanism of disease emergence. Secondly, we show that the emergence of the severe form of the disease can lead to a significant increase in its induced mortality. Finally, we determine the types of interactions for which the fragmentation of the host population could be the most dangerous.

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Section: Defining At Risk Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of maternal antibodies in the emergence of severe disease as a result of fragmentation

Fouchet

Marchandeau

Bahi-Jaber

et al. 2006

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…5 Each outbreak was contained, and was the result of a separate but indeterminable introduction of RHDV rather than from a single virus lineage. 4 Caliciviruses closely related to RHDV, but generally avirulent or of low virulence, have been identified in domestic and wild rabbits in Europe 6,7 and Australia [8][9][10] and domestic rabbits in the United States (Michigan rabbit calicivirus) 11 and their presence inferred by serology in rabbit populations on various islands 12,13 and New Zealand. 14 These viruses have been termed rabbit caliciviruses (RCVs) to distinguish them from the lethal RHDV.…”

Section: Viral Infections Of Major Clinical Significance Rabbit Hemormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiology of RHDV, both in wild and farmed rabbits, may be strongly influenced by the circulation of RCV strains, which in some circumstances can provide crossprotection to RHDV. 6,8,[22][23][24][25][26]…”

Section: Viral Infections Of Major Clinical Significance Rabbit Hemormentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections of Rabbits

Kerr

Donnelly

2013

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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Viral diseases of rabbits have been used historically to study oncogenesis (e.g. rabbit fibroma virus, cottontail rabbit papillomavirus) and biologically to control feral rabbit populations (e.g. myxoma virus). However, clinicians seeing pet rabbits in North America infrequently encounter viral diseases although myxomatosis may be seen occasionally. The situation is different in Europe and Australia, where myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease are endemic. Advances in epidemiology and virology have led to detection of other lapine viruses that are now recognized as agents of emerging infectious diseases. Rabbit caliciviruses, related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease, are generally avirulent, but lethal variants are being identified in Europe and North America. Enteric viruses including lapine rotavirus, rabbit enteric coronavirus and rabbit astrovirus are being acknowledged as contributors to the multifactorial enteritis complex of juvenile rabbits. Three avirulent leporid herpesviruses are found in domestic rabbits. A fourth highly pathogenic virus designated leporid herpesvirus 4 has been described in Canada and Alaska. This review considers viruses affecting rabbits by their clinical significance. Viruses of major and minor clinical significance are described, and viruses of laboratory significance are mentioned.

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“…An antigenically related but distinct virus infects the European hare causing brown hare syndrome (Laurent et al, 1997). A non-pathogenic strain designated rabbit calicivirus has been isolated (Capucci et al, 1996) and there is also compelling evidence of circulating non-pathogenic strains that either emerged originally as ancestral lineages of the recognized virulent extant viruses (Moss et al, 2002) or still circulate in wild rabbits as widely divergent non-pathogenic viruses (Forrester et al, 2007). Other non-pathogenic strains arose as variants of virulent virus (Forrester et al, 2003).…”

Section: Classification Of the Caliciviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral strategies to control calicivirus infections

et al. 2010

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Caliciviridae are human or non-human pathogenic viruses with a high diversity. Some members of the Caliciviridae, i.e. human pathogenic norovirus or rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), are worldwide emerging pathogens. The norovirus is the major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, accounting for about 85% of the outbreaks in Europe between 1995 and 2000. In the United States, 25 million cases of infection are reported each year. Since its emergence in 1984 as an agent of fatal hemorrhagic diseases in rabbits, RHDV has killed millions of rabbits and has been dispersed to all of the inhabitable continents. In view of their successful and apparently increasing emergence, the development of antiviral strategies to control infections due to these viral pathogens has now become an important issue in medicine and veterinary medicine. Antiviral strategies have to be based on an understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, clinical symptoms, viral replication and immunity to infection resulting from infection by these viruses. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying calicivirus infection, focusing on the molecular aspects of replication in the host cell. Recent experimental data generated through an international collaboration on structural biology, virology and drug design within the European consortium VIZIER is also presented. Based on this analysis, we propose antiviral strategies that may significantly impact on the epidemiological characteristics of these highly successful viral pathogens.

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Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic

Cited by 174 publications

References 38 publications

The role of maternal antibodies in the emergence of severe disease as a result of fragmentation

The role of maternal antibodies in the emergence of severe disease as a result of fragmentation

Viral Infections of Rabbits

Antiviral strategies to control calicivirus infections

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