Detecting varroosis using a gas sensor system as a way to face the environmental threat

Szczurek, Andrzej; Maciejewska, Monika; Bąk, Beata; Wilk, Jakub; Wilde, J.; Siuda, M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137866

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The device is intended for testing to detect various bee diseases. It has been tested with good results in outdoor studies for the diagnosis of varroa [ 5 , 6 ]. The device is built of several functional modules.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductor metal oxide sensors (MOS—metal-oxide-semiconductor) are most commonly used in the electronic nose, which work through the reduction oxidation reactions of adsorbed gases on the sensory layer [ 4 ]. The odour classification is then based on the values of the sensor readings expressing the sensor resistance [ 5 , 6 ]. On the other hand, by creating three parametric sensorgrams from measurements containing data about: maximum standardized sensor response, reaction time, and cleaning time, it is also possible to accurately determine the substances included in the tested gas mixture, as well as to give their concentration [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was to successfully monitor the effectiveness of this antivarroosis treatment [ 20 ]. Semiconductor sensors have also proved useful in diagnosing varroosis by direct examination of beehive air [ 6 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Varroosis Based on Bee Brood Samples Testing with Use of Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Bąk

Wilk

Artiemjew

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Varroosis is a dangerous and difficult to diagnose disease decimating bee colonies. The studies conducted sought answers on whether the electronic nose could become an effective tool for the efficient detection of this disease by examining sealed brood samples. The prototype of a multi-sensor recorder of gaseous sensor signals with a matrix of six semiconductor gas sensors TGS 823, TGS 826, TGS 832, TGS 2600, TGS 2602, and TGS 2603 from FIGARO was tested in this area. There were 42 objects belonging to 3 classes tested: 1st class—empty chamber (13 objects), 2nd class—fragments of combs containing brood sick with varroosis (19 objects), and 3rd class—fragments of combs containing healthy sealed brood (10 objects). The examination of a single object lasted 20 min, consisting of the exposure phase (10 min) and the sensor regeneration phase (10 min). The k-th nearest neighbors algorithm (kNN)—with default settings in RSES tool—was successfully used as the basic classifier. The basis of the analysis was the sensor reading value in 270 s with baseline correction. The multi-sensor MCA-8 gas sensor signal recorder has proved to be an effective tool in distinguishing between brood suffering from varroosis and healthy brood. The five-time cross-validation 2 test (5 × CV2 test) showed a global accuracy of 0.832 and a balanced accuracy of 0.834. Positive rate of the sick brood class was 0.92. In order to check the overall effectiveness of baseline correction in the examined context, we have carried out additional series of experiments—in multiple Monte Carlo Cross Validation model—using a set of classifiers with different metrics. We have tested a few variants of the kNN method, the Naïve Bayes classifier, and the weighted voting classifier. We have verified with statistical tests the thesis that the baseline correction significantly improves the level of classification. We also confirmed that it is enough to use the TGS2603 sensor in the examined context.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Varroosis Based on Bee Brood Samples Testing with Use of Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Bąk

Wilk

Artiemjew

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…The recent development and adaptation of gas sensor systems to beekeeping practices is really promising. They have already been used to infer a parasite pressure based on volatils detected in hives [ 256 , 257 ]. It is necessary to be able to precisely assess the state of the colony when infested with the acari, thus to use acaricides only if required and at the right moment [ 175 , 257 ].…”

Section: From the Laboratory To The Field: How To Be Realistic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Varroa destructor from the Laboratory to the Field: Control, Biocontrol and IPM Perspectives—A Review

Vilarem

Piou

Vogelweith³

et al. 2021

Insects

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Varroadestructor is a real challenger for beekeepers and scientists: fragile out of the hive, tenacious inside a bee colony. From all the research done on the topic, we have learned that a better understanding of this organism in its relationship with the bee but also for itself is necessary. Its biology relies mostly on semiochemicals for reproduction, nutrition, or orientation. Many treatments have been developed over the years based on hard or soft acaricides or even on biocontrol techniques. To date, no real sustainable solution exists to reduce the pressure of the mite without creating resistances or harming honeybees. Consequently, the development of alternative disruptive tools against the parasitic life cycle remains open. It requires the combination of both laboratory and field results through a holistic approach based on health biomarkers. Here, we advocate for a more integrative vision of V. destructor research, where in vitro and field studies are more systematically compared and compiled. Therefore, after a brief state-of-the-art about the mite’s life cycle, we discuss what has been done and what can be done from the laboratory to the field against V. destructor through an integrative approach.

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“…The electronic nose technology provides effective solutions for the accurate, reliable, and speedy identification of multi-component gas mixtures. It was shown that measuring abilities of the instruments based on gas sensors and pattern recognition methods allow to detect varroosis and determine the infestation rate in individual beehives [17,18]. Despite the increasing progress in sensor technology, gas sensing devices of this kind remain largely limited by environmental and technological factors [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Beehive Air Measurement For Beekeepingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beehive Air Sampling and Sensing Device Operation in Apicultural Applications—Methodological and Technical Aspects

Szczurek

Maciejewska

2021

Sensors

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The basis of effective beekeeping is the information about the state of the bee colony. A rich source of respective information is beehive air. This source may be explored by applying gas sensing. It allows for classifying bee colony states based on beehive air measurements. In this work, we discussed the essential aspects of beehive air sampling and sensing device operation in apicultural applications. They are the sampling method (diffusive vs. dynamic, temporal aspects), sampling system (sample probe, sampling point selection, sample conditioning unit and sample delivery system) and device operation mode (‘exposure-cleaning’ operation). It was demonstrated how factors associated with the beehive, bee colony and ambient environment define prerequisites for these elements of the measuring instrument. These requirements have to be respected in order to assure high accuracy of measurement and high-quality information. The presented results are primarily based on the field measurement study performed in summer 2020, in three apiaries, in various meteorological conditions. Two exemplars of a prototype gas sensing device were used. These sensor devices were constructed according to our original concept.

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Detecting varroosis using a gas sensor system as a way to face the environmental threat

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Diagnosis of Varroosis Based on Bee Brood Samples Testing with Use of Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Diagnosis of Varroosis Based on Bee Brood Samples Testing with Use of Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Varroa destructor from the Laboratory to the Field: Control, Biocontrol and IPM Perspectives—A Review

Beehive Air Sampling and Sensing Device Operation in Apicultural Applications—Methodological and Technical Aspects

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