Detecting 2LSB steganography using extended pairs of values analysis

Khalind, Omed; Aziz, Benjamin

doi:10.1117/12.2048880

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The 2LSB steganography results in more complicated changes on the intensity histogram of the pixel values than LSB methods, which makes the detection process harder to perform. It changes the two lower bit-planes (7 th and 8 th , for 8-bit pixel values) and bounds the transition of pixel values into groups of four values called EPoV 13 . So, analysing extended pairs of values would be a very good choice for detection.…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, the 2LSB embedding causes the insertion of random sequence of binary values, it results in a broken correlation in lower bit-planes (7 th and 8 th ), which is not random in clean images. Moreover, it is expected to have more different pairs of bit values in lower two bit-planes (xxxxxx01, xxxxxx10) after embedding with 2LSB steganography, more details could be found in 13 The sum of frequency of occurrences within each EPoV stays unchanged before and after embedding process. Hence, taking the arithmetic mean of the frequency of occurrences of both same and different 2LSB pixel value groups in each EPoV would be considered to measure the imbalance between same (00, 11) and different (01, 10) two least significant bits in the image before and after the embedding place has taken place.…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

Khalind

Aziz

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper proposes a modification to the Extended Pairs of Values (EPoV) method of 2LSB steganalysis in digital still images. In EPoV, the detection and the estimation of the hidden message length were performed in two separate processes as it considered the automated detection. However, the new proposed method uses the standard deviation of the EPoV to measure the amount of distortion in the stego image made by the embedding process using 2LSB replacement, which is directly proportional with the embedding rate. It is shown that it can accurately estimate the length of the hidden message and outperform the other methods of the targeted 2LSB steganalysis in the literature. The proposed method is also more consistent with the steganalysis methods in the literature by giving the amount of difference to the expected clean image. According to the experimental results, based on analysing 3000 nevercompressed images, the proposed method is more accurate than the current targeted 2LSB steganalysis methods for low embedding rates.

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Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

Khalind

Aziz

2015

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Buy / Rent full text

show abstract

“…methods with low complexity as in LSB (Least Significant Bit) [5,6]. Spatial and frequency domains were used by the research to construct a steganography algorithm.…”

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confidence: 99%