Detachment of Retina With Use of Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate (Fluropryl) in Treatment of Glaucoma

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Side Effects in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, followed by α-agonists (2.7-19.9%) and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [12,26,[38][39][40][41][173][174][175][176]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [172]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [26,[173][174][175][176]. It is important to note that most of these events were associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Side Effects in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, followed by α-agonists (2.7-19.9%) and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [12,26,[38][39][40][41][173][174][175][176]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [172]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [26,[173][174][175][176]. It is important to note that most of these events were associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Complications in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, α agonists, and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [9,61,[76][77][78][159][160][161][162]164]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [158]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [61,[159][160][161][162]. Most of these events have been associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Side Effects in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, followed by α-agonists (2.7-19.9%) and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [12,26,[38][39][40][41][173][174][175][176]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [172]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [26,[173][174][175][176]. It is important to note that most of these events were associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Complications in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, α agonists, and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [9,61,[76][77][78][159][160][161][162]164]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [158]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [61,[159][160][161][162]. Most of these events have been associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Side Effects in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, followed by α-agonists (2.7-19.9%) and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [12,26,[38][39][40][41][173][174][175][176]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [172]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [26,[173][174][175][176]. It is important to note that most of these events were associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”

A Review of Ocular and Systemic Complications in Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy

“…Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological adverse effects such as depression, decreased libido, lethargy, and irritability. This is most frequently reported with β-blockers, α agonists, and direct-acting parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine and carbachol [9,61,[76][77][78][159][160][161][162]164]. Furthermore, drugs that modulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, or affect blood osmolarity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.…”

“…Due to the lipophilicity of most β-blockers, they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, capable of inducing neurological symptoms [158]. These neurological adverse events include depression, decreased libido, anxiety, nausea, lethargy, emotional lability or irritability, and anorexia [61,[159][160][161][162]. Most of these events have been associated with timolol maleate, the earliest topical β-blocker approved for use.…”