2022
DOI: 10.1039/d1ta06612a
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Abstract: Heavy metal contamination has caused serious impacts on the environments and risks towards human health, promoting intensive R&D efforts for removal of heavy metals from their primary sources (industrial and...

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Cited by 68 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 207 publications
(268 reference statements)
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“…Among them, adsorption is a promising and effective method for practical use due to its high efficiency, simple design and easy operation [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Various adsorbents, such as carbon materials (activated carbon, nanotubes), polymers, metallic and metal compounds (nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, and magnetic materials), and minerals (silica, zeolites, and clays) have been developed to remove heavy metal ions in water [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. As a kind of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterial, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess the advantages of high surface area, adjustable porosity, better functionality, and easy design and synthesis, making them highly desirable in various research fields, such as adsorption [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, adsorption is a promising and effective method for practical use due to its high efficiency, simple design and easy operation [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Various adsorbents, such as carbon materials (activated carbon, nanotubes), polymers, metallic and metal compounds (nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, and magnetic materials), and minerals (silica, zeolites, and clays) have been developed to remove heavy metal ions in water [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. As a kind of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterial, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess the advantages of high surface area, adjustable porosity, better functionality, and easy design and synthesis, making them highly desirable in various research fields, such as adsorption [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous adsorbents have been used so far for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, including chitosan, nanomaterials, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, 8 clays, biochar, red mud, metal oxides, layered double hydroxides, crosslinked hydrophilic biopolymers, activated carbon residue, mesoporous silica spheres, lanthanum-based materials, metal–organic frameworks, and nanomaterials. Among these adsorbents, natural biopolymers are polymeric organic molecules derived from renewable sources such as algae, the exoskeletons of crustaceans and shells, plants, and microbial biomass.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9,10 Ideal adsorbents should have the following features: (1) large accessible surface area, (2) strong interaction between active sites and heavy metals, (3) selectivity toward target heavy metal species, and (4) easy regeneration. 8 In terms of heavy metal exposure, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established a standard of no more than 0.003 ppm (Mn), 0.01 ppm Cr(VI), and 0.006 ppm Fe(III). 3,11 Cr(VI) causes carcinogenic and mutagenic effects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…To this purpose, one of the most widespread techniques for the abatement of polluting agents in water relies upon adsorption processes, whose substrates have been object of intense investigations in the last decades [ 2 ]. As a first rough classification, adsorbing materials can be divided into organic [ 3 ], inorganic [ 4 ] and hybrid substrates [ 5 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%