Design principles of operando ultraviolet-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy setups for active site characterization in ion-exchanged zeolites

Copper–oxygen adducts: new trends in characterization and properties towards C–H activation

“…However, despite the efforts for the characterization of such heterogenized systems, the nature of the true active species is still a topic of debate since it depends on many factors ranging from the catalytic conditions used for the MTM conversion, the nature of such material lattices, the copper incorporation method as well as the signal treatment for the identification and mechanism elucidation of active species. 241 Additionally, many techniques and analyses have been applied for this purpose, ranging from rR spectroscopy, isotope labelling experiments and DFT calculations and machine learning. 242,243 The aim of this section is to present the approach dealing with the parameters mentioned above towards a better understanding covering the reusability of the zeolitescontaining copper-heterogenized systems.…”