Design of the Navy's Multivariate Optimum Interpolation Analysis System

Barker, Edward H.

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0220:dotnmo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The model was then forwarded in time without meteorological assimilation update cycles. To initialize our runs for January 2003 at altitudes below 10 hPa, two different Navy analyses were available: (a) archived operational analysis from the then-operational Navy multivariate optimum interpolation (MVOI) system (Barker, 1992); (b) reanalysis fields for this period from the NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) (Daley and Barker, 2001), which assimilated AMSU-A radiances from the NOAA 15 and 16 satellites. NAVDAS with AMSU-A radiance assimilation became operational at FNMOC on 9 June 2004 and has significantly improved NOGAPS forecast skill (Baker et al, 2005;Allen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Nogaps-alphamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: Validation case study

Eckermann

Doyle³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Two-dimensional radiance maps from Channel 9 (∼60-90 hPa) of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A), acquired over southern Scandinavia on 14 January 2003, show plane-wave-like oscillations with a wavelength λ h of ∼400-500 km and peak brightness temperature amplitudes of up to 0.9 K. The wave-like pattern is observed in AMSU-A radiances from 8 overpasses of this region by 4 different satellites, revealing a growth in the disturbance amplitude from 00:00 UTC to 12:00 UTC and a change in its horizontal structure between 12:00 UTC and 20:00 UTC. Forecast and hindcast runs for 14 January 2003 using highresolution global and regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models generate a lower stratospheric mountain wave over southern Scandinavia with peak 90 hPa temperature amplitudes of ∼5-7 K at 12:00 UTC and a similar horizontal wavelength, packet width, phase structure and time evolution to the disturbance observed in AMSU-A radiances. The wave's vertical wavelength is ∼12 km. These NWP fields are validated against radiosonde wind and temperature profiles and airborne lidar profiles of temperature and aerosol backscatter ratios acquired from the NASA DC-8 during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). Both the amplitude and phase of the stratospheric mountain wave in the various NWP fields agree well with localized perturbation features in these suborbital measurements. In particular, we show that this wave formed the type II polar stratospheric clouds measured by the DC-8 lidar. To compare directly with the AMSU-A data, we convert these validated NWP temperature fields into swath-scanned brightness temperatures using three-dimensional Channel 9 weighting functions and the actual AMSU-A scan patterns from each of the 8 overpasses of this region. These NWPCorrespondence to: S. D. Eckermann (stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil) based brightness temperatures contain two-dimensional oscillations due to this resolved stratospheric mountain wave that have an amplitude, wavelength, horizontal structure and time evolution that closely match those observed in the AMSU-A data. These comparisons not only verify gravity wave detection and horizontal imaging capabilities for AMSU-A Channel 9, but provide an absolute validation of the anticipated radiance signals for a given three-dimensional gravity wave, based on the modeling of Eckermann and Wu (2006).

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Section: Nogaps-alphamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: Validation case study

Eckermann

Doyle³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Both models ran at T126L28 prior to 24 Jan 2000, and at T170L42 thereafter (Caplan and Pan 2000), using the operational statistical spectral interpolation (SSI) analysis system (Parrish and Derber 1992). f Operational T159L24 model NOGAPS forecasts (Hogan and Rosmond 1991) and analyses using the navy's multivariate optimum interpolation (MVOI) system (Barker 1992). terms in the momentum flux calculations with atmospheric densities computed directly from input pressure and temperature profiles.…”

Section: ) Mwfm-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain Wave–Induced Polar Stratospheric Cloud Forecasts for Aircraft Science Flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000

Eckermann

Dörnbrack²,

Vosper³

et al. 2006

Weather and Forecasting

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The results of a multimodel forecasting effort to predict mountain wave-induced polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) for airborne science during the third Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000) Arctic ozone campaign are assessed. The focus is on forecasts for five flights of NASA's instrumented DC-8 research aircraft in which PSCs observed by onboard aerosol lidars were identified as wave related. Aircraft PSC measurements over northern Scandinavia on 25-27 January 2000 were accurately forecast by the mountain wave models several days in advance, permitting coordinated quasiLagrangian flights that measured their composition and structure in unprecedented detail. On 23 January 2000 mountain wave ice PSCs were forecast over eastern Greenland. Thick layers of wave-induced ice PSC were measured by DC-8 aerosol lidars in regions along the flight track where the forecasts predicted enhanced stratospheric mountain wave amplitudes. The data from these flights, which were planned using this forecast guidance, have substantially improved the overall understanding of PSC microphysics within mountain waves. Observations of PSCs south of the DC-8 flight track on 30 November 1999 are consistent with forecasts of mountain wave-induced ice clouds over southern Scandinavia, and are validated locally using radiosonde data. On the remaining two flights wavelike PSCs were reported in regions where no mountain wave PSCs were forecast. For 10 December 1999, it is shown that locally generated mountain waves could not have propagated into the stratosphere where the PSCs were observed, confirming conclusions of other recent studies. For the PSC observed on 14 January 2000 over northern Greenland, recent work indicates that nonorographic gravity waves radiated from the jet stream produced this PSC, confirming the original forecast of no mountain wave influence. This forecast is validated further by comparing with a nearby ER-2 flight segment to the south of the DC-8, which intercepted and measured local stratospheric mountain waves with properties similar to those predicted. In total, the original forecast guidance proves to be consistent with PSC data acquired from all five of these DC-8 flights. The work discussed herein highlights areas where improvements can be made in future wave PSC forecasting campaigns, such as use of anelastic rather than Boussinesq linearized gridpoint models and a need to forecast stratospheric gravity waves from sources other than mountains.

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“…Forecast predictions of vorticity, divergence, virtual potential temperature, specific humidity, and terrain pressure are used in deriving winds, heat fluxes, and surface pressures that serve as forcing for ocean and atmospheric models. Description of the NOGAPS design and development can be found in Barker (1992aBarker ( , 1992b; Hogan and Rosmond (1991) and Goerss and Phoebus (1992) document details of its operational implementation.…”

Section: Nogapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Evaluation of ADCIRC-2DDI as Applied to the Western North Atlantic Ocean

Edwards¹,

Blain²

2002

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Design of the Navy's Multivariate Optimum Interpolation Analysis System

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: Validation case study

Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: Validation case study

Mountain Wave–Induced Polar Stratospheric Cloud Forecasts for Aircraft Science Flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000

Operational Evaluation of ADCIRC-2DDI as Applied to the Western North Atlantic Ocean

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