Design of Remediation Actions for Nutrient Mitigation in the Hyporheic Zone

Morén, Ida; Wörman, Anders; Riml, Joakim

doi:10.1002/2016wr020127

Cited by 24 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These curves were constrained by the values of R P ,1 ( λ = 5) = 0.001, R P ,2 ( λ = 5) = 0.01, R P ,4 ( λ = 5) = 0.5, and R P ,1–4 ( λ = 0) = 0. The scenario R P ,4 ( λ ) reflected the upper boundary value for the damping factor equal to R P ,3 ( λ = 24) from the observations in Morén et al (), while R P ,1 ( λ ) and R P ,2 ( λ ) reflected values of R p at λ = 5 m one and two orders of magnitude lower than the observations. Furthermore, from the theory of open channel flow during steady flow conditions, d D WS /d Z BS = (d D WS /d x )/(d Z BS /d x ) = 1/( Fr 2 –1), which implies decreasing water surface ( D WS ) fluctuations in comparison to bed surface ( Z BS ) fluctuations with decreasing Froude number.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Morén et al () performed an investigation of C damp in a small Swedish stream (Tullstorps Brook), and their results were considered here as a reference. They measured streambed topography and water surface elevation for a 500‐m stream reach, and based on their data, the ratios of power spectra of the water surface and bed topography elevations, R P , which is equal to the square of the amplitude coefficient ratio, that is, R P = P WS / P BS = ( A i , j ) WS 2 /( A i , j ) BS 2 = C damp ( Fr ref , λ ref ) 2 , were determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the results displayed a consistent decrease in R p (i.e., increase in damping of the surface water fluctuations compared to the bed surface fluctuations) with decreasing wavelength. However, for λ <24; the Morén et al () data set shows significant noise, and therefore, an exponential function was used to extrapolate values of R P for λ < 24 m. The function was fitted to the observed data in the range 24 < λ <660 and bounded by the fact that the water surface perturbations are zero at λ = 0 m (black curve in Figure , denoted R P ,3 ( λ )). Moreover, to account for the uncertainty in the determination of the damping factor, three additional exponential curves describing R P as a function of wavelength were used to investigate the sensitivity of C damp to the streambed‐induced flow field (colored dashed lines in Figure b, denoted R P ,1 ( λ ), R P ,2 ( λ ), and R P ,4 ( λ )).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can assume that C damp ∝ d D WS /d Z BS , which leads to

α ((), Fr) = \frac{C_{damp} ((),, Fr, λ)}{C_{damp} ((),, {italicFr}_{italicref}, λ)} = \frac{{Fr}_{ref}^{2} - 1}{{Fr}^{2} - 1}

. Fr ref was determined from a stream tracer test performed in connection with the investigation of surface water and streambed fluctuations (Morén et al, ) and was found to be

\frac{0.055}{\sqrt{9.81 \times 0.24}} = 0.036

. Thus, this value leads to the following approximation of the damping factor:

C_{damp} ((),, Fr, λ) = ((), \frac{- 0.9987}{{italicFr}^{2} - 1}) ((), \sqrt{R_{P} ({Fr}_{ref}, λ_{ref})})

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation of the Hyporheic Zone Due to Regional Groundwater Circulation

Mojarrad

Riml

Wörman

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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By use of numerical modeling and field observations, this work quantified the effects of catchment-scale upwelling groundwater on the hyporheic (below stream) fluxes over a wide range of spatial scales. A groundwater flow model was developed that specifically accounted for the hydrostatic and dynamic head fluctuations induced by the streambed topography. Although the magnitudes and relative importance of these streambed-induced fluxes were found to be highly sensitive to site-specific hydromorphological properties, we showed that streambed topographic structures exert a predominant control on the magnitude of hyporheic exchange fluxes in a Swedish boreal catchment. The magnitude of the exchange intensity evaluated at the streambed interface was found to be dominated by the streambed-induced hydraulic head across stream order. However, the catchment-scale groundwater flow field substantially affected the distribution of groundwater discharge points and thus decreased the fragmentation of the hyporheic zone, specifically by shifting the cumulative density function toward larger areas of coherent upwelling at the streambed interface. This work highlights the spectrum of spatial scales affecting the surface water-groundwater exchange patterns and resolves the roles of key mechanisms in controlling the fragmentation of the hyporheic zone.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can assume that C damp ∝ d D WS /d Z BS , which leads to

α ((), Fr) = \frac{C_{damp} ((),, Fr, λ)}{C_{damp} ((),, {italicFr}_{italicref}, λ)} = \frac{{Fr}_{ref}^{2} - 1}{{Fr}^{2} - 1}

. Fr ref was determined from a stream tracer test performed in connection with the investigation of surface water and streambed fluctuations (Morén et al, ) and was found to be

\frac{0.055}{\sqrt{9.81 \times 0.24}} = 0.036

. Thus, this value leads to the following approximation of the damping factor:

C_{damp} ((),, Fr, λ) = ((), \frac{- 0.9987}{{italicFr}^{2} - 1}) ((), \sqrt{R_{P} ({Fr}_{ref}, λ_{ref})})

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fragmentation of the Hyporheic Zone Due to Regional Groundwater Circulation

Mojarrad

Riml

Wörman

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

Self Cite

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“…Due to the significance of fluvial ecosystem functioning associated with subsurface solute transport, hyporheic exchange is considered of vital importance in stream restoration goals (Hester & Gooseff, 2010;Krause et al, 2011). Restoration practices that modify channel morphologic features to increase habitat heterogeneity (i.e., creation of pool-rifle sequences, cross-vanes, log dams, and meander bends) have been found to enhance hyporheic exchange (Gooseff et al, 2006;Hester & Doyle, 2008;Hester & Gooseff, 2010;Kasahara & Hill, 2006;Moren et al, 2017). Additionally, subsurface interventions (i.e., modifications within the streambed) are known for promoting hyporheic exchange and for increasing subsurface water residence times but are rarely used as stream restoration techniques (Ward et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Macrophyte Root Architecture Controls Subsurface Solute Transport

Nikolakopoulou

Argerich

Drummond

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Emergent macrophytes (helophytes) grow in the active channel of fluvial ecosystems. Subsurface flow beneath this area (i.e., hyporheic zone) is considered critical for ecological processes. However, little is known about the influence of helophyte roots on subsurface solute transport. We investigated the effect of three helophyte species with different root architecture (Iris pseudacorus L., Phragmites australis L., and Scirpus lacustris L.) on solute transport along subsurface flow paths. We considered both the physical and the biological roles of the roots, expecting that (1) roots will act as structures that create heterogeneities in the sediment (physical role); thus, root architecture will alter subsurface flow paths; (2) roots will remove water via evapotranspiration (biological role), leading to slower flow velocity; and (3) both scenarios will result in longer water residence times. We performed conservative tracer pulse additions in 12 flow‐through flumes subjected to four treatments: absence of helophytes (Control) and presence of helophytes (Iris, Scirpus, and Phragmites). Tracer breakthrough curves were used to compare solute transport patterns between the treatments by fitting a mobile‐immobile model and by applying temporal moment analysis. Results showed that helophyte roots increase subsurface water residence time by creating heterogeneities in the substrate and by removing water. Furthermore, hydraulic retention increased with the percent volume of fine roots but decreased in the presence of thicker roots. Based on these results we suggest that the root architecture of helophytes and their capacity to remove water via evapotranspiration should be considered when planning stream restoration activities aimed to improve water quality.

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