“…The versatility of the ablative family is a platform for intense material selection and engineering, owing to the re-entry condition exhibits a cataclysmic variation in its characteristics, in terms of free stream velocity, temperature, and pressure, ,, which necessitates considering the ergonomics of design, hence driving toward a design developed out of concurrent engineering for TPS. In the case of a general space shuttle vehicle, where the TPS is composed of carbon–carbon at the nose part, carbon-phenolic on the fuselage, high-temperature reusable ablative materials on the leeward face during re-entry (Figure )…”