Design, fabrication and calibration of low cost thermopower measurement set up in low- to mid-temperature range

Sharma, Pradeep; Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Senguttuvan, T. D.; Chaudhary, Sujeet

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107054

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This process involves collecting, sampling, and processing relevant data from various sensors and instruments. There are different means for temperature acquisition, including thermocouples [30], infrared microscopes [31], resistive sensors [32], and digital temperature sensors [33]. The temperature difference can be then obtained using a differential thermocouple method [34], or by comparing the readings from the two thermocouples [35] or two digital sensors [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automatic Apparatus for Simultaneous Measurement of Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Resistivity

Xiong,

Masoumi,

Pakdel

2023

Energies

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A fully automated experimental system was designed for simultaneous measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of thermoelectric materials in bulk form. The system incorporates a straightforward and easily fabricated sample holder along with commercially available electronic instrument components. The sample holder showcases a compact design that utilizes two Peltier module heaters to induce sample heating and generate the required temperature gradient. System automation and control are achieved through the implementation of a LabView program. The Seebeck voltage and resistance of the sample (under specified temperature conditions) are determined using I–V measurements. The Seebeck voltage and resistance of the sample correspond to the intercept and slope of the I–V characteristic diagram in the four-point probe method, respectively. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the developed apparatus, a variety of experiments were performed on N-type and P-type bismuth telluride samples. The measurement results closely matched those obtained from commercial systems, with an overall data difference of less than 10% for both the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automatic Apparatus for Simultaneous Measurement of Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Resistivity

Xiong,

Masoumi,

Pakdel

2023

Energies

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“…These specific requirements are not limited to the field of battery testing but apply also to other areas, such as power dissipation measurements in power electronics [5] or investigations on bacteria growth in microbiology [6,7]. Most of the literature, in which the properties of thermoelectric generators (TEG) are examined, deals with the determination of the Seebeck coefficient under extreme conditions such as high temperature [8,9] or large temperature ranges [10,11]. However, if a TEG shall be used to measure the heat flux, the needed quantity for the calibration process is the effective heat flux instead of the temperature difference across the TEG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration methodology for contact heat flux sensors with enhanced accuracy

Rizzo

Christen

Stöck

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents a method for the calibration of contact heat flow sensors and the measures taken to improve the overall standard uncertainty of the measurements. This may be particularly relevant for applications such as the thermal characterization of Li-ion battery cells, where small amounts of transferred heat must be measured. The designed calibration set-up is based on the measurement of temperature gradients within a reference object, which is a common and well known approach. However, certain aspects must be considered in order to obtain accurate results. In this paper all steps taken to improve the overall measurement uncertainty are described. One of the most important characteristics of the presented methodology is the experimental determination of an equivalent thermal conductivity of the used reference object. To do so, a single-sided guarded hot plate apparatus is integrated into the calibration set-up to generate a precisely known heat flow. This approach is comparable to the determination of the ‘energy equivalent’ in calorimeters. The measured equivalent thermal conductivity agrees well to literature values, but the achieved standard uncertainty is significantly lower. By way of example, the calibration method is applied on a thermoelectric generator, where the temperature dependent sensitivity and the Seebeck coefficient are determined and compared to literature values. The average standard uncertainty of the sensor sensitivity is ±1.86%, which is lower than most results published in the literature. At 20 °C the absolute value of the determined Seebeck coefficient of the examined thermoelectric element is only 2.7% higher than the value expected for the used material ( B i 2 T e 3 ).

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