Design Considerations for Complementary Nanoelectromechanical Logic Gates

Akarvardar, K.; Elata, David; Parsa, Roozbeh; Wan, Gordon; Yoo, Kicheon; Provine, J.; Peumans, Peter; Howe, Roger T.; Wong, H.-S. Philip

doi:10.1109/iedm.2007.4418930

Cited by 138 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…By doing so, the 'off' leakage current can be ideally zero that is a very big advantage of NEM relays over MOSFET devices suffering a large amount of 'off' leakage. The demerit of NEM relays is that its electrostatic actuation of mechanical channel causes much longer switching time than the electrical channel's fast switching time [3,6]. Considering both the advantage and disadvantage of NEM relays, the NEM-relay circuits can be considered very suitable to applications that are energy-efficient and slow, such as power-related circuits [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process-Variation-Adaptive Charge Pump Circuit using NEM (Nano-Electro-Mechanical) Relays for Low Power Consumption and High Power Efficiency

Byeon¹,

Shin²,

Song³

et al. 2015

JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science

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Abstract-For some low-frequency applications such as power-related circuits, NEM relays have been known to show better performance than MOSFETs. For example, in a step-down charge pump circuit, the NEM relays showed much smaller layout area and better energy efficiency than MOSFETs. However, severe process variations of NEM relays hinder them from being widely used in various low-frequency applications. To mitigate the process-variation problems of NEM relays, in this paper, a new NEMrelay charge pump circuit with the self-adjustment is proposed. By self-adjusting a pulse amplitude voltage according to process variations, the power consumption can be saved by 4.6%, compared to the conventional scheme without the self-adjustment. This power saving can also be helpful in improving the power efficiency of the proposed scheme. From the circuit simulation of NEM-relay charge pump circuit, the efficiency of the proposed scheme is improved better by 4.1% than the conventional.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NEM relays are composed of 4 terminals like MOSFET devices. However, in NEM relays, the mechanical channel is actuated by electrostatic force, instead of the electrical channel [2][3][4][5][6]. When the channel is turned off in NEM relays, it is disconnected mechanically from the both source and drain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-Variation-Adaptive Charge Pump Circuit using NEM (Nano-Electro-Mechanical) Relays for Low Power Consumption and High Power Efficiency

Byeon¹,

Shin²,

Song³

et al. 2015

JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science

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“…Nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) switches have been suggested as a promising candidate for replacing the CMOS technology [6]. NEM switches provide some unique characteristics which are not available in conventional MOS, such as near-zero leakage current and infinite subthreshold slope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such characteristics make NEMs ideal for designing highly energy-efficient structures. However, NEMs have relatively long mechanical switching delay [6] compared to the intrinsic delay of CMOS devices, and to this date, they suffer from low endurance [15]. To get the best of both worlds, researchers have combined NEMs and CMOS to build low-power and high performance circuits for critical components [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NEMsCAM: A novel CAM cell based on nano-electro-mechanical switch and CMOS for energy efficient TLBs

Seyedi

Karakostas

Cosemans³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH´15)

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Abstract-In this paper we propose a novel Content Addressable Memory (CAM) cell, NEMsCAM, based on both Nanoelectro-mechanical (NEM) switches and CMOS technologies. The memory component of the proposed CAM cell is designed with two complementary non-volatile NEM switches and located on top of the CMOS-based comparison component. As a use case for the NEMsCAM cell, we design first-level data and instruction Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) with 16nm CMOS technology at 2GHz. The simulations show that the NEMsCAM TLB reduces the energy consumption per search operation (by 27%), write operation (by 41.9%) and standby mode (by 53.9%), and the area (by 40.5%) compared to a CMOSonly TLB with minimal performance overhead.

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“…The use of mechanical switches for computing is not a new idea, and dates back to the 1930s [14]. Due to advancements in planar processing technology over the past few decades, particularly the development of surface micromachining processes for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) [15], there has been renewed interest in mechanical computing for ultra-low-power digital logic applications [16,17]. This paper reviews recent work toward the goal of achieving nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) logic switches suitable for low-power computing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoelectromechanical Switches for Low-Power Digital Computing

Peschot¹,

Qian²,

Liu³

2015

Micromachines

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Abstract:The need for more energy-efficient solid-state switches beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors has become a major concern as the power consumption of electronic integrated circuits (ICs) steadily increases with technology scaling. Nano-Electro-Mechanical (NEM) relays control current flow by nanometer-scale motion to make or break physical contact between electrodes, and offer advantages over transistors for low-power digital logic applications: virtually zero leakage current for negligible static power consumption; the ability to operate with very small voltage signals for low dynamic power consumption; and robustness against harsh environments such as extreme temperatures. Therefore, NEM logic switches (relays) have been investigated by several research groups during the past decade. Circuit simulations calibrated to experimental data indicate that scaled relay technology can overcome the energy-efficiency limit of CMOS technology. This paper reviews recent progress toward this goal, providing an overview of the different relay designs and experimental results achieved by various research groups, as well as of relay-based IC design principles. Remaining challenges for realizing the promise of nano-mechanical computing, and ongoing efforts to address these, are discussed.

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Design Considerations for Complementary Nanoelectromechanical Logic Gates

Cited by 138 publications

References 9 publications

Process-Variation-Adaptive Charge Pump Circuit using NEM (Nano-Electro-Mechanical) Relays for Low Power Consumption and High Power Efficiency

Process-Variation-Adaptive Charge Pump Circuit using NEM (Nano-Electro-Mechanical) Relays for Low Power Consumption and High Power Efficiency

NEMsCAM: A novel CAM cell based on nano-electro-mechanical switch and CMOS for energy efficient TLBs

Nanoelectromechanical Switches for Low-Power Digital Computing

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