Design and Synthesis of FRET-Mediated Multicolor and Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles with Tunable Emission Properties

Chen, Jian; Zhang, Peisheng; Fang, Gang; Yi, Pinggui; Zeng, Fang; Wu, Shuizhu

doi:10.1021/jp2110659

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…44 and alkyl-(7-nitro-benzo[1,2,5]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-amine Sch. 45 [69]. These nanoparticles were prepared by one-step miniemulsion polymerization via methyl methacrylate copolymerization.…”

Section: Scheme 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanophotochromism

Barachevsky¹

2015

Organic Photonics and Photovoltaics

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Abstract:The review presents the state-of-the-art analysis of investigations in the field of a new line of research of photochromism -nanophotochromism. The design, properties, and possible applications of photochromic nanoparticles prepared by different methods with the use of photochromic substances (aggregates, host-guest, and polymer systems, solid nanoparticles) as well as core-shell photochromic nanostructures based on polymers, silica, quantum dots, doped upconversion nanocrystals, and Ag, Au, etc. nanoparticles have been reviewed. Keywords: photochromism; photochromic nanoparticles; core-shell photochromic nanoparticles design; photoswitching; aggregates; polymer systems, host-guest systems IntroductionPhotochromism is a very important phenomenon for different applications in photonics. The applications are based on reversible phototransformations of photochromic compounds between two states and changes of their properties that accompany these transformations At present, systems and materials containing photochromic nanopatricles have become highly significant. Among these are nanodimensional particles of photochromic substances, including aggregates, and coreshell systems. As a core, inorganic nanoparticles of gold, silver, metal oxides, quantum dots (QD), and also polymeric nanoparticles are used. The shell consists of photochromic molecules or their aggregates connected to a core surface either chemically or physically. Photochromic nanoparticles with photocontrolled fluorescence arouse a special interest because the fluorescence technique is becoming a leading strategy in biological diagnosis, imaging, and detection applications. This paper is a state-of-the-art review which presents results of studying photochromic nanoparticles including author's own data. The results of earlier research are also surveyed in some other reviews [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Photochromic nanoparticles:properties and applications Nanoparticles based on photochromic substances AggregatesThe most known photochromic nanoparticles are aggregates of photochromic organic compounds [14]. These compounds experience reversible photoinduced transformations between two states, Sch. 1A and Sch. 1B. Scheme 1The photoinduced colored merocyanine form B absorbing visible irradiation is formed from a colorless form A as a result of photodissociation of the -C-O-bond of the pyran heterocycle under UV radiation, and this is followed by spontaneous isomerization of the cis-form to the trans one. The colored form B can be converted back to the initial colorless form A upon absorption of visible light or spontaneously during the dark relaxation, which is accelerated by heating.The J-aggregates of nitro-substituted indoline spiropyrans Sch. 2 with long alkyl substituents are of special interest [15].The narrow absorption bands of J-aggregates of these photochromic compounds (Fig. 1) made it possible prepare a specimen of the multilayered optical disk providing freUnauthenticated Download

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“…44 and alkyl-(7-nitro-benzo[1,2,5]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-amine Sch. 45 [69]. These nanoparticles were prepared by one-step miniemulsion polymerization via methyl methacrylate copolymerization.…”

Section: Scheme 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today studies of photochrmic nanoparticles deal with the development of multimodal fluorescence modulation (chameleon nanoparticles) [67,69,105]. In the case of upconversion nanoparticles, it is achieved by application of two photochromic diarylethenes possessing different photoinduced absorption.…”

Section: Scheme 70mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotochromism

Barachevsky¹

2015

Organic Photonics and Photovoltaics

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“…Recent advances in NM synthesis and improved surface functionalization techniques have allowed the increased use of dye-labeled NMs in particular, which, from a size perspective, is a benefit in FRET-based applications. Dye-labeled nano-and micro-sized particles have been prepared through ionic interaction [98], miniemulsion [99,100], covalent conjugation [101], or encapsulation of fluorophore molecules during synthesis [102][103][104][105], and the benefits of these formats result in increased signal, decreased photobleaching, increased surface functionalizability, and lower limits of detection than small-molecule fluorophores [106]. Due to the popularity of diagnostic and research techniques utilizing fluorescence detection systems, commercial fluorescent particles are available from a wide variety of sources such as Molecular Probes, Phosphorex, Spherotech, Bangs Laboratories, Sigma-Aldrich, and Polysciences.…”

Section: Dye-modified Microspheres/nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A current trend in microspheres and NM synthesis involves using FRET to tune the spectral properties of the resulting fluorescent microspheres/NMs, generating fluorescent FRET-based tags that have improved Stokes shifts and unique fluorescent signatures that can be excited by a single wavelength ( Figure 6.7) [99,100,102,[108][109][110][111]. These FRET systems can also be designed to contain Figure 6.7 Polymeric FRET-based NPs for in vivo imaging.…”

Section: Dye-modified Microspheres/nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for FRET Analysis: Beyond Traditional Dye–Dye Combinations

Sapsford

Wildt

Mariani

et al. 2013

FRET – Förster Resonance Energy Transfer

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The intrinsic sensitivity (r 6 dependence) of F€ orster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) to nanoscale changes in the donor/acceptor separation distance has made FRET an invaluable biophysical tool in a variety of applications, ranging from studying the structure and conformation of proteins and nucleic acids to examining biomolecular interactions, including its use in in vitro and in vivo bioassays [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. While the myriad of FRET configurations and techniques currently in use are covered throughout this book, here we focus primarily on the materials utilized as donor or acceptor probes in FRET rather than the process itself [3,5,8,9]. Our 2006 review paper on this topic serves as the foundation for this updated chapter [3]. The materials were divided into three main categories: organic materials that include "traditional" dye fluorophores, dark quenchers, polymers, and carbon nanomaterials (NMs); inorganic materials such as metal chelates, metal, and semiconductor nanocrystals; and fluorophores of biological origin such as fluorescent proteins (FPs), amino acids, and fluorescence generated from enzymatic bioluminescence (BL) and chemiluminescence (CL). These materials may function as FRET donors and/or acceptors, depending upon experimental design. Many of the new materials developed and/or new donor-acceptor probe combinations used address some of the inherent complications of more traditional FRET materials, including photobleaching, spectral cross talk, and direct excitation of the acceptor species, and examples of these will be highlighted and discussed throughout the chapter. Since the vast majority of FRET applications are biological in nature, they routinely involve some type of biomolecule labeling strategy, which ultimately plays a significant and fundamental role in the success and interpretation of the resulting FRET. Therefore, we begin the chapter with a brief discussion of the bioconjugation techniques commonly utilized for FRET and points to consider, followed by sections highlighting the current and emerging materials that are used, or have the potential to be used, in FRET applications.

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“…In this way, varying the ratio between the two chromophores allows producing spheres with a common excitation wavelength but different photoluminescence spectra, paving the way for multiplexed biological detection. Some examples include dye-doped nanospheres of different nature including both inorganic, [2,3] organic [4,5,6,7] and hybrid matrices. [8,9] Beyond the field of bio-imaging, applications benefiting from FRET are growing and span from enhanced energy harvesting in photovoltaics [10,11] to sensing [12] or photonics (where FRET can be used as a mechanism to improve the performance of devices such as OLEDs [13]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D photonic crystals from highly monodisperse FRET-based red luminescent PMMA spheres

et al. 2015

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Red-luminescent PMMA spheres containing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair were synthesized via a two-step polymerization method. Two reaction parameters, time and monomer volume, are scanned in order to tune the sphere diameter in the 250-500 nm range. Further the polydispersity of the spheres is kept low, at ca. 3%, regardless of sphere diameter or dye concentration. A thorough optical characterization via spectroscopy and time resolved measurements shows a FRET efficiency of over 40% before concentration quenching effects take place, allowing for a precise tuning of their emission in the red region of the visible spectrum. The high quality of these spheres makes them suitable to fabricate selfassembled 3D photonic crystals which act as photonic environment to modify the spectral properties of the FRET pair via Bragg diffraction. † Present address:

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Design and Synthesis of FRET-Mediated Multicolor and Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles with Tunable Emission Properties

Cited by 67 publications

References 47 publications

Nanophotochromism

Nanophotochromism

Materials for FRET Analysis: Beyond Traditional Dye–Dye Combinations

3D photonic crystals from highly monodisperse FRET-based red luminescent PMMA spheres

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