Design and performance study of hybrid photocatalytic reactor-PVDF/MWCNT nanocomposite membrane system for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater

Multi-functional CNT/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane for concurrent filtration and photocatalytic degradation

“…From the test results, it was positively confirmed that the specific surface area of the amorphous CNTs was 263.52 m 2 /g which was more than 5 times that of the commercial P25 (<50 m 2 /g) [9]. Therefore, these results had positively aligned to the literature review that CNTs were the solution to enhance the overall efficiency of TiO 2 in photo-catalytic process [24,46]. Subsequently, the CNT/ZnO nanorods were placed under high resolution TEM to analyze the hierarchical structure of these nanorods.…”

Nanocomposite materials for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants

“…The MPR showed reasonable permeation flux and anti-fouling properties and the TiO 2 leaching from the nanocomposite during membrane permeation was found about 1.0 ppb [120,121,145]. PVDF/TiO 2 dual layer membrane achieved a 85% removal of nonylphenol after 4 h of UVA irradiation in submerged membrane photoreactor with a kinetic rate of 0.0092 min −1 [123].…”

“…For this reason perfluorinated polymers and hybrid inorganic-organic sol-gel materials such as organo-silane are the most promising host matrices for the preparation of photocatalytic nanocomposites [29,120].…”

“…Another promising application of photocatalytic nanocomposite in water treatments is the combination of separation and catalytic processes using a membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR), in which photocatalytic TiO 2 /PVDF nanocomposites are used to manufacture ultrafiltration membranes able to separate decomposed material and to perform photocatalytic degradation of pollutants [120,122,143,144].…”

Preparation of photo-catalytic copolymer grafted asymmetric membranes (N-TiO2-PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN) and their application on the degradation of bentazon in water

“…However, the main technical challenge hindering commercialization is photocatalyst post-recovery. A titanium dioxide photocatalyst can be immobilized on suitable support material to avert the problems associated with post-recovery [9][10][11]. The current work seeks to address the problems associated with titanium dioxide post-recovery from water through the use of novel poly (methacrylic acid) grafted onto poly (vinylidene difluoride) blended with poly (acrylonitrile) (PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN blend) asymmetric membrane matrix.…”