Design and implementation of the ultrasonic cold forging technology process for improving surface mechanical properties of 6XB2C cold-worked alloy steel tool

Abstract

Ultrasonic cold forging technology is a mechanical process used to improve surface characteristics of materials by continual striking of the tool in a reciprocating motion. In this study, the proper geometrical shapes of the booster and the horn (collectively called ''the concentrator'') were obtained through numerous simulations based on the frequencies produced, the power of an ultrasonic generator (about 20 kHz), and the mechanical vibrations transferred parallel to the axis of the ultrasonic head (transducer, booster, horn, and tool). Furthermore, a pneumatic system was designed using a simulated ultrasonic cold forging technology in order to supply the static load and to prevent tool backlash in the retracting motion. Post-ultrasonic cold forging technology mechanical tests revealed an improved hardness by 17% to a depth of 150 mm and an enhanced smoothness from an initial value of 0.6-0.132 mm in the compressed layers of the surface as a result of using the ultrasonic cold forging technology process.

Mechanical and tribo-metallurgical behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel affected by severe cold plastic deformation: a comprehensive review article

“…Table 1 denotes a summary of experimental data aimed at cold-formed steels. 1 Nominal steel yield strengthSuch studies on mechanical behavior of structural steels, again considering of exposure to the elevated temperatures, can be categorized into mild steel group and high strength steel (HSS). In this case and in another similar review study, Li et al [39] reported the test experimental data upon mechanical behavior of hot-rolled carbon structural steels at such elevated temperatures, with strength grades of 235-960 MPa.…”

“…Fig. 5 Peening function of the ultrasonic tool illustrated by Abbasi et al [1] (Redrawn by referring to the work by Abbasi et al [1] microstructure in the various plane diffraction directions. The diffraction profile measurements can be accomplished by the iterative electrolytical removal of thin surface layers as well as the subsequent XRD measurements.…”

“…Referring to the study by [1], different methods have been extensively applied for efficient improvement of the mechanical behavior of materials via morphological modification aspect in their microstructural characteristics. In this review study, the main focus would be on the investigation and enhancement of mechanical and tribo-metallurgic properties of 17-4PH stainless steel; however, in order to appraise the overall outlook, some comparisons are made between 17-4PH and some other related materials.…”

“…Also, Bozdana et al [10] employed the ultrasonic deep cold process in order to augment the service life as well as the surface behavior of Ti6Al4V parts. Indeed, ultrasonic cold technologies are utilized to increase material surface characteristics, e.g., the hardness and smoothness improvement (or decrease in roughness) by the tool frequent striking through a reciprocating type of motion, referring to the study by Abbasi et al [1].…”

“…Also, Abbasi et al [1] studied the ultrasonic cold forging technology (UCFT) as for developments of surface mechanical behavior of cold-worked alloy steel tool (6XB2C). Through a simulation study, the accurate geometrical contours of a set of the UCFT tools were gained.…”