Design and fabrication of micro/nano-motors for environmental and sensing applications

Ye, Heng; Wang, Yong; Xu, Dandan; Xiao-jia, Liu; Liu, Shaomin; Ma, Xing

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101007

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 306 publications

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“…Nature has created biological motors capable of performing complex tasks with precision by converting chemical energy into mechanical work, , which has inspired developments of artificial micro/nanomotors (MNMs) to mimic their autonomous motion and functions at a small scale. These synthetic MNMs are micro- or nanoscale mobile devices that can covert energies from chemical fuels or external physical fields into mechanical force to achieve active movement and accomplish on-demand tasks. − Over the past decade, MNMs have experienced significant advances with potential revolutionary applications demonstrated in many fields, such as drug delivery, − cargo transportation, , biochemical sensing, , micro/nanosurgery, , and environmental remediation. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3−5 Over the past decade, MNMs have experienced significant advances with potential revolutionary applications demonstrated in many fields, such as drug delivery, 6−8 cargo transportation, 9,10 biochemical sensing, 11,12 micro/nanosurgery, 13,14 and environmental remediation. 15,16 Up to now, plenty of strategies and techniques have been explored for the design and fabrication of MNMs, 17,18 such as chemical synthesis, 19−21 electrochemical deposition, 22,23 physical vapor deposition, 24,25 photolithography, 26 microfluidic technology, 27 layer-by-layer assembly, 28,29 and 3-D printing, such as direct laser writing. 30 Usually, the activation of the selfpropelled MNMs requires the introduction of chemically or physically active components, named as "engines" here, such as catalytic materials (e.g., Pt, MnO 2 ) for many chemically powered MNMs, 23,31 and magnetic materials (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, Ni, Co) for magnetic MNMs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host–Guest Assembly and Disassembly

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized devices capable of performing self-propelled motion and ondemand tasks, which have brought revolutionary renovations in nanomedicine, environmental remediation, biochemical sensing, etc. Numerous methods of either chemical synthesis or physical fabrications have been extensively investigated to prepare MNMs of various shapes and functions. However, MNMs with replaceable engines that can be flexibly assembled and disassembled, resembling that of a macroscopic machine, have not been achieved. Here, for the first time, we report a demonstration of control over the engine replacement of self-propelled nanomotors based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNPs) via supramolecular machine-based host−guest assembly and disassembly between azobenzene (Azo) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Nanomotors with different driving mechanisms can be rapidly constructed by selecting corresponding β-CD-modified nanoengines of urease, Pt, or Fe 3 O 4 , to assemble with the azobenzenemodified HMSNPs (HMSNPs-Azo). In virtue of photoresponsive cis/trans isomer conversion of azobenzene molecules, engine switching can be accomplished by remote light triggered host−guest assembly or disassembly between HMSNPs-Azo and β-CDmodified engines. Moreover, this method can quickly include multiple engines on the surface of the HMSNPs-Azo to prepare a hybrid MNM with enhanced motion capability. This strategy not only is cost-effective for the rapid and convenient preparation of nanomotors with different propulsion mechanism but also paves a new path to future multiple functionalization of MNMs for ondemand task assignment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host–Guest Assembly and Disassembly

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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“…Recent developments in micro-/nanorobots have provided possibilities to explore novel adsorbents to solve the above challenges. − These devices are capable of converting various energies into motion at low Reynolds numbers, with great potentials in targeted drug delivery and environmental remediation. For the adsorption application, they can significantly accelerate mass diffusion and fluid intermixing via autonomous motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Systems Using Spirulina-Based Biohybrid Magnetic Helical Microrobots

Gong

Celi

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Wastewater remediation toward heavy metal pollutants has attracted considerable attention, and various adsorption-based materials were employed in recent years. However, it is still challenging to explore low-cost and high-efficient adsorbents with superior removal performance, nontoxicity, flexible operation, and good reusability. Herein, Fe3O4- and MnO2-loaded biohybrid magnetic helical microrobots (BMHMs) based on Spirulina cells were presented for the first time, and their performance on Pb(II) removal was studied in detail. Intracellular synthesis of Fe3O4 and MnO2 nanoparticles into Spirulina cells was successively conducted to obtain the BMHMs with superparamagnetism and high surface activity. The BMHMs could be flexibly propelled under magnetic actuation, and collective cork-screw spinning was performed to enhance fluidic diffusion with intensive adsorption. Rapid and significant removal of Pb(II) in wastewater was achieved using the swarming microrobots, and a high adsorption capacity could be reached at 245.1 mg/g. Moreover, the BMHMs could be cyclically reutilized after simple regeneration, and good specificity toward Pb(II) was verified. The adsorption mechanism was further studied, which revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics dominated in the adsorption process, and the Langmuir isothermal model also fitted the experimental results well. The intriguing properties of the BMHMs enable them to be versatile platforms with significant potentials in wastewater remediation.

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“…Remotely controlling small objects on the micrometer to millimeter scale is a fascinating topic in terms of science and technology. Researchers have focused on the Marangoni propulsion force, based on surface tension gradients, as one solution of micro-object transport at interfaces. , Among the variety of Marangoni propulsion forces such as chemical spreading − and heating, , light stimulus , is suitable for remote control of micro-objects. Temperature and polarity differentials based on photothermal conversion − and photoisomerization of azobenzene , have been used as a change of a surface tension gradient induced by light irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimotion of Marangoni Propulsion Ships Controlled by Two-Wavelength Near-Infrared Light

et al. 2021

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Multimode motion of Marangoni propulsion ships on a water surface as per a near-infrared, two-wavelength selective response is achieved for the first time. The ships are rhombus-or propellershaped polyacrylamide or siloxane resin-based gels in which Nd 2 O 3 and Yb 2 O 3 nanoparticles are incorporated separately for photothermal conversion at 808 and 980 nm, respectively. The rhombus geometry is for straight locomotion, and the propeller geometry is for rotation. On/off remote control of the forward and backward locomotion of a rhombus-shaped ship and of the clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of a propeller-shaped ship via irradiation with 808 or 980 nm near-infrared light is demonstrated. The nanoparticles are incorporated into the desired locations of the gels, enabling selective local heating of the gels without focusing the light. The temperature gradient of the ships by local heating, based on a photothermal conversion, generates a Marangoni propulsion force to move the ship in the desired direction.

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Design and fabrication of micro/nano-motors for environmental and sensing applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 306 publications

Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host–Guest Assembly and Disassembly

Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host–Guest Assembly and Disassembly

Efficient Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Systems Using Spirulina-Based Biohybrid Magnetic Helical Microrobots

Multimotion of Marangoni Propulsion Ships Controlled by Two-Wavelength Near-Infrared Light

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